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a packet is the unit of information transfer in the network layer
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API
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Application Programming Interface
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a public internet, i.e. a network composed of different networks that are running :term:`IPv4` or :term:`IPv6`
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A relay operating in the datalink layer.
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A relay operating in the network layer.
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A relay operating in the physical layer.
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ARP
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ARPANET
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ASCII
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a segment is the unit of information transfer in the transport layer
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A server that implements the DNS protocol and can answer queries for names inside its own domain.
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A server that implements the DNS protocol and can resolve queries. A resolver usually serves a set of clients (e.g. all hosts in campus or all clients of a given ISP). It sends DNS queries to nameservers everywhere on behalf of its clients and stores the received answers in its cache. A resolver must know the IP addresses of the root nameservers.
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a Service Data Unit is the unit information transferred between applications
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A service that enables a user to connect to a distant server over the network. Telnet, defined in :rfc:`854` and the BSD rlogin services defined in :rfc:`1282` were popular in the past. They have been deprecated for security reasons and are now replaced by :term:`ssh`.
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A service that enables a user to send or receive a file from a distant server over the network. The File Transfer Protocol :term:`FTP` was a popular service. It has now been replaced by HTTP/HTTPs or more secure protocols such as the `SSH File Transfer Protocol <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSH_File_Transfer_Protocol>`_.
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ASN.1
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A string of bits that identifies a network interface in the network layer or the datalink layer. Most addresses have a fixed length, e.g. 32 bits for :term:`IPv4`, 128 bits for :term:`IPv6` or 48 bits for :term:`Ethernet` and other related Local Area Networks.
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Asynchronous Transfer Mode
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A synonym for a regular telephone line, i.e. a line that can be used to dial any telephone number.
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