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Exit Zen
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Wide Area Network
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../../principles/linkstate.rst:129
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It should be noted that link state routing assumes that all routers in the network have enough memory to store the entire LSDB. The routers that do not have enough memory to store the entire LSDB cannot participate in link state routing. Some link state routing protocols allow routers to report that they do not have enough memory and must be removed from the graph by the other routers in the network, but this is outside the scope of this e-book.
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../../principles/reliability.rst:863
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Reliable protocols often need to send data in both directions. To reduce the overhead caused by the acknowledgments, most reliable protocols use `piggybacking`. Thanks to this technique, a datalink entity can place the acknowledgments and the receive window that it advertises for the opposite direction of the data flow inside the header of the data frames that it sends. The main advantage of piggybacking is that it reduces the overhead as it is not necessary to send a complete frame to carry an acknowledgment. This is illustrated in the figure below where the acknowledgment number is underlined in the data frames. Piggybacking is only used when data flows in both directions. A receiver will generate a pure acknowledgment when it does not send data in the opposite direction as shown in the bottom of the figure.
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X.25
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../../principles/reliability.rst:869
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Piggybacking example
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../../glossary.rst:225
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A wide area networking technology using virtual circuits that was deployed by telecommunication operators.
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../../principles/reliability.rst:877
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SDU is the acronym of Service Data Unit. We use it as a generic term to represent the data that is transported by a protocol.
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../../glossary.rst:207
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X11
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../../principles/reliability.rst:879
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The size of the sliding window can be either fixed for a given protocol or negotiated during the connection establishment phase. Some protocols allow to change the maximum window size during the data transfer. We will explain these techniques with real protocols later.
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The XWindow system and the associated protocols are defined in [SG1990]_
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XML
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The eXtensible Markup Language (XML) is a flexible text format derived from SGML. It was originally designed for the electronic publishing industry but is now used by a wide variety of applications that need to exchange structured data. The XML specifications are maintained by `several working groups <https://www.w3.org/XML/>`_ of the :term:`W3C`
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