Exit Zen
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../../principles/reliability.rst:44 • ../../principles/reliability.rst:49
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Bit rate
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../../principles/transport.rst:30
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Bob : `Hello`
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../../protocols/dns.rst:40
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The `RD` (recursion desired) bit is set by a client when it sends a query to a resolver. Such a query is said to be `recursive` because the resolver will recursively traverse the DNS hierarchy to retrieve the answer on behalf of the client. In the past, all resolvers were configured to perform recursive queries on behalf of any Internet host. However, this exposes the resolvers to several security risks. The simplest one is that the resolver could become overloaded by having too many recursive queries to process. Most resolvers [#f8888]_ only allow recursive queries from clients belonging to their company or network and discard all other recursive queries. The `RA` bit indicates whether the server supports recursion. The `RCODE` is used to distinguish between different types of errors. See :rfc:`1035` for additional details. The last four fields indicate the size of the `Question`, `Answer`, `Authority` and `Additional` sections of the DNS message.
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../../bibliography.rst:36
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Buford, J., Yu, H., Lua, E.K., `P2P Networking and Applications <http://books.google.com/books?id=O9NkAaY9YxMC>`_, Morgan Kaufmann, 2008
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../../glossary.rst:270
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The Address Resolution Protocol is a protocol used by IPv4 devices to obtain the datalink layer address that corresponds to an IPv4 address on the local area network. ARP is defined in :rfc:`826`
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../../index.rst:163
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:ref:`genindex`
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../../exercises/ex-sharing.rst:203
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In practice, hosts transmit variable length frames. Consider a cable having a bandwidth of 100 Mbps and a length of 2 kilometers.
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../../exercises/network.rst:97
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the router located in `Washington` ?
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../../exercises/reliability.rst:30
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Derive a mathematical expression that provides the `goodput`, i.e. the amount of payload bytes that have been transmitted during a period of time, achieved by the Alternating Bit Protocol assuming that :
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../../exercises/transport.rst:88
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Consider a transport protocol that provides a reliable connection-oriented bytestream service. You observe the segments sent by a host that uses this protocol. Does the time-sequence diagram below reflects a valid implementation of this protocol ? Justify your answer.
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../../principles/naming.rst:59
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BNF of the fully qualified host names
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../../principles/network.rst:66
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This network contains two types of devices. The hosts, represented with circles and the routers, represented as boxes. A host is a device which is able to send and receive data for its own usage in contrast with routers that most of the time simply forward data towards their final destination. Routers have multiple links to neighboring routers or hosts. Hosts are usually attached via a single link to the network. Nowadays, with the growth of wireless networks, more and more hosts are equipped with several physical interfaces. These hosts are often called `multihomed`. Still, using several interfaces at the same time often leads to practical issues that are beyond the scope of this document. For this reason, we only consider `single-homed` hosts in this e-book.
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../../principles/referencemodels.rst:39
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the Physical layer may deliver `more` bits to the receiver than the bits sent by the sender
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../../principles/sharing.rst:45
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A fourth physical organization of a network is the ring topology. Like the bus organization, each host has a single physical interface connecting it to the ring. Any signal sent by a host on the ring will be received by all hosts attached to the ring. From a redundancy point of view, a single ring is not the best solution, as the signal only travels in one direction on the ring; thus if one of the links composing the ring is cut, the entire network fails. In practice, such rings have been used in local area networks, but are now often replaced by star-shaped networks. In metropolitan networks, rings are often used to interconnect multiple locations. In this case, two parallel links, composed of different cables, are often used for redundancy. With such a dual ring, when one ring fails all the traffic can be quickly switched to the other ring.
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../../principles/transport.rst:31
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Alice : `What time is it ?`
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../../protocols/dns.rst:42
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The last four sections of the DNS message contain `Resource Records` (RR). All RRs have the same top level format shown in the figure below.
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../../bibliography.rst:39
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Calvert, K., Donahoo, M., `TCP/IP Sockets in Java : Practical Guide for Programmers <http://books.google.com/books?id=lfHo7uMk7r4C>`_, Morgan Kaufman, 2008
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../../glossary.rst:48
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ARPANET
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../../index.rst:164
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:ref:`search`
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../../exercises/ex-sharing.rst:231
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With CSMA, hosts need to listen to the communication channel before starting their transmission. Consider again a 2 kilometers long cable where hosts send frames at 100 Mbps. Show in the figure below the correct transmission of frames with CSMA.
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