Exit Zen
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NTP
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The first condition ensures that the router discovers the shortest path towards each destination. The second condition is used to take into account the changes of routes that may occur after a link failure or a change of the metric associated to a link.
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1
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A Token Ring network is composed of a set of stations that are attached to a unidirectional ring. The basic principle of the Token Ring MAC algorithm is that two types of frames travel on the ring : tokens and data frames. When the Token Ring starts, one of the stations sends the token. The token is a small frame that represents the authorization to transmit data frames on the ring. To transmit a data frame on the ring, a station must first capture the token by removing it from the ring. As only one station can capture the token at a time, the station that owns the token can safely transmit a data frame on the ring without risking collisions. After having transmitted its frame, the station must remove it from the ring and resend the token so that other stations can transmit their own frames.
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Three-way handshake : recovery from a duplicate `CA`
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The Network Time Protocol is defined in :rfc:`1305`
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To understand the operation of a distance vector protocol, let us consider the network of five routers shown below.
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0
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A Token Ring network
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OSI
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001
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While the basic principles of the Token Ring are simple, there are several subtle implementation details that add complexity to Token Ring networks. To understand these details let us analyze the operation of a Token Ring interface on a station. A Token Ring interface serves three different purposes. Like other LAN interfaces, it must be able to send and receive frames. In addition, a Token Ring interface is part of the ring, and as such, it must be able to forward the electrical signal that passes on the ring even when its station is powered off.
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Three-way handshake : recovery from duplicates `CR` and `CA`
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Open Systems Interconnection. A set of networking standards developed by :term:`ISO` including the 7 layers OSI reference model.
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Assume that router `A` is the first to send its distance vector `[A=0]`.
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010
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When powered-on, Token Ring interfaces operate in two different modes : `listen` and `transmit`. When operating in `listen` mode, a Token Ring interface receives an electrical signal from its upstream neighbor on the ring, introduces a delay equal to the transmission time of one bit on the ring and regenerates the signal before sending it to its downstream neighbor on the ring.
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Data transfer
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OSPF
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`B` and `D` process the received distance vector and update their routing table with a route towards `A`.
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