cnp3-ebook - English @ Weblate

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25 ../../protocols/email.rst:127

	English the `In-reply-to:` header line is used when a message was created in reply to a previous message. In this case, the end of the `In-reply-to:` line contains the identifier of the original message. 195/10000 · 195
25 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:164

	English The evolution of Ethernet did not stop. In 1998, the IEEE published a first standard to provide Gigabit Ethernet over optical fibers. Several other types of physical layers were added afterwards. The `10 Gigabit Ethernet <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10_gigabit_Ethernet>`_ standard appeared in 2002. Work is ongoing to develop `standards <http://www.ieee802.org/3/ba/public/index.html>`_ for 40 Gigabit and 100 Gigabit Ethernet and some are thinking about `Terabit Ethernet <http://www.networkworld.com/news/2009/042009-terabit-ethernet.html>`_. The table below lists the main Ethernet standards. A more detailed list may be found at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet_physical_layer. 688/10000 · 688
25 ../../protocols/http.rst:114

	English The third component of the `world wide web` is the HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP). HTTP is a text-based protocol like SMTP. The client sends a request and the server returns a response. HTTP runs above the bytestream service and HTTP servers listen by default on port `80`. The design of HTTP has largely been inspired by the Internet email protocols. Each HTTP request contains three parts : 396/10000 · 396
25 ../../protocols/http2.rst:165

	English This multiplexing capability is probably the most important feature of HTTP/2.0 from a performance viewpoint. To understand its benefits, let us consider a client that retrieves two web objects over a 1 Mbps connection. The two requests are sent together by the client. The first object is 125 bytes long, while the second is 12500 bytes long. In this case, the server will first return the first object as a single frame and the second will be sent in the subsequent frame. 474/10000 · 474
25 ../../protocols/ipv6.rst:109

	English Textual representation of IPv6 addresses 40/10000 · 40
25 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:70

	English Where should the CRC be located in a frame ? 44/10000 · 44
25 ../../protocols/routing.rst:78

	English For example, the network shown in the figure below has been divided into three areas : `area 0`, containing routers `RA`, `RB`, `RC` and `RD`, `area 1`, containing routers `R1`, `R3`, `R4`, `R5` and `RA`, and `area 2` containing `R7`, `R8`, `R9`, `R10`, `RB` and `RC`. OSPF areas are identified by a 32 bit integer, which is sometimes represented as an IP address. Among the OSPF areas, `area 0`, also called the `backbone area`, has a special role. The backbone area groups all the area border routers (routers `RA`, `RB` and `RC` in the figure below) and the routers that are directly connected to the backbone routers but do not belong to another area (router `RD` in the figure below). An important restriction imposed by OSPF is that the path between two routers that belong to two different areas (e.g. `R1` and `R8` in the figure below) must pass through the backbone area. 880/10000 · 880
25 ../../protocols/rpc.rst:103

	English `method`: a string that contains the name of the procedure which is invoked 75/10000 · 75
25 ../../protocols/ssh.rst:208

	English a key used by the client (resp. server) to initialize the negotiated encryption scheme (if required by this scheme) 115/10000 · 115
25 ../../protocols/tcp.rst:52

	English the `URG` flag is used together with the `Urgent pointer` 57/10000 · 57
25 ../../protocols/tls.rst:77

	English In the remaining parts of this chapter, we assume that the TLS session starts immediately after the establishment of the TCP connection. This corresponds to the deployments on web servers. We focus our presentation of TLS on this very popular use case. TLS is a complex protocol that supports other features than the one used by web servers. A more detailed presentation of TLS may be found in [KPS2002]_ and [Ristic2015]_. 423/10000 · 423
25 ../../protocols/udp.rst:89

	English Footnotes 9/10000 · 9
25 ../../protocols/wifi.rst:25

	English 802.11g 7/10000 · 7
25 ../../principles/naming.rst:127

	English In addition to being more human friendly, using names instead of addresses inside applications has several important benefits. To understand them, let us consider a popular application that provides information stored on servers. This application involves clients and servers. The server provides information upon requests from client processes. A first deployment of this application would be to rely only on addresses. In this case, the server process would be installed on one host and the clients would connect to this server to retrieve information. Such a deployment has several drawbacks : 596/10000 · 596
25 ../../principles/network.rst:193

	English The computation of the forwarding tables of all the routers inside a network is a key element for the correct operation of the network. This computation can be carried out by using either distributed or centralized algorithms. These algorithms provide different performance, may lead to different types of paths, but their composition must lead to valid paths. 360/10000 · 360
25 ../../bibliography.rst:35

	English Bush, R., `FidoNet: technology, tools, and history <http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/163381.163383>`_. Communications ACM 36, 8 (Aug. 1993), 31-35. 141/10000 · 141
25 ../../principles/sharing.rst:197

	English The performance of network nodes (either routers or switches) can be characterized by two key metrics : 103/10000 · 103
26 ../../exercises/ex-sharing.rst:561

	English Assume now that `R1` is using round-robin scheduling instead of a FIFO buffer. One queue is used to store the packets sent by `A` and another for the packets sent by `B`. `A` sends one 1000 bits packet every second while `B` sends packets at 10 Mbps. What is the round-trip-time measured by each of these two hosts if each of the two queues of `R1` can store 5 packets ? 370/10000 · 370
26 ../../exercises/sockets.rst:229

	English The following program connects a socket to a remote address, sends a message and waits for a reply. 99/10000 · 99
26 ../../principles/naming.rst:129

	English if the server process moves to another physical server, all clients must be informed about the new server address 113/10000 · 113

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