cnp3-ebook - English @ Weblate

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26 ../../protocols/ssh.rst:211

	English It is common practice among designers of security protocols to never use the same key for different purposes. For example, allowing the client and the server to use the same key to encrypt data could enable an attacker to launch a replay attack by sending to the client data that it has itself encrypted. 304/10000 · 304
26 ../../protocols/tcp.rst:53

	English the `PSH` flag is used as a notification from the sender to indicate to the receiver that it should pass all the data it has received to the receiving process. However, in practice TCP implementations do not allow TCP users to indicate when the `PSH` flag should be set. 270/10000 · 270
26 ../../protocols/tls.rst:84

	English A TLS session is divided in two phases: the handshake and the data transfer. During the handshake, the client and the server negotiate the security parameters and the keys that will be used to secure the data transfer. During the second phase, all the messages exchanged are encrypted and authenticated with the negotiated algorithms and keys. 343/10000 · 343
26 ../../protocols/udp.rst:90

	English This limitation is due to the fact that the network layer cannot transport packets that are larger than 64 KBytes. As UDP does not include any segmentation/reassembly mechanism, it cannot split a SDU before sending it. The UDP header consumes 8 bytes and the IPv6 header 60. With IPv4, the IPv4 header only consumes 20 bytes and thus the maximum UDP payload size is 65507 bytes. 378/10000 · 378
26 ../../protocols/wifi.rst:25

	English 19 Mbps 7/10000 · 7
27 ../../exercises/ex-sharing.rst:564

	English When analyzing the reaction of a network using round-robin schedulers, it is sometimes useful to consider that the packets sent by each source are equivalent to a fluid and that each scheduler acts as a tap. Using this analogy, consider the network below. In this network, all the links are 100 Mbps and host `B` is sending packets at 100 Mbps. If A sends at 1, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 80 and 100 Mbps, what is the throughput that destination `D` will receive from `A`. Use this data to plot a graph that shows the portion of the traffic sent by host `A` which is received by host `D`. 588/10000 · 588
27 ../../exercises/sockets.rst:261

	English Creating a new socket to communicate through a network 54/10000 · 54
27 ../../principles/naming.rst:130

	English if there are many concurrent clients, the load of the server will increase without any possibility of adding another server without changing the server addresses used by the clients 181/10000 · 181
27 ../../principles/network.rst:199

	English A path may lead to a `black hole`. In a network, a black hole is a router that receives packets for at least one given source/destination pair but does not have an entry inside its forwarding table for this destination. Since it does not know how to reach the destination, the router cannot forward the received packets and must discard them. Any centralized or distributed algorithm that computes forwarding tables must ensure that there are not black holes inside the network. 478/10000 · 478
27 ../../principles/referencemodels.rst:207

	English application layer entities exchange SDUs 42/10000 · 42
27 ../../principles/reliability.rst:70

	English This transmission scheme has been used in some early networks. We use it as a basis to understand how hosts communicate. From a Computer Science viewpoint, dealing with voltages is unusual. Computer scientists frequently rely on models that enable them to reason about the issues that they face without having to consider all implementation details. The physical transmission scheme described above can be represented by using a `time-sequence diagram`. 454/10000 · 454
27 ../../bibliography.rst:37

	English Buford, J., Yu, H., Lua, E.K., `P2P Networking and Applications <http://books.google.com/books?id=O9NkAaY9YxMC>`_, Morgan Kaufmann, 2008 136/10000 · 136
27 ../../glossary.rst:128

	English Classless Inter Domain Routing is the current address allocation architecture for IP version 4. It was defined in :rfc:`1518` and :rfc:`4632`. 142/10000 · 142
27 ../../principles/sharing.rst:200

	English the node's lookup performance measured in packets per second 60/10000 · 60
27 ../../principles/transport.rst:78

	English `0` : `0110000b` 16/10000 · 16
27 ../../principles/security.rst:324

	English RC4 is an encryption scheme defined in the late 1980s by Ron Rivest for RSA Security. Given the speed of its software implementation, it has been included in various protocols and implementations. However, cryptographers have identified several weaknesses in this algorithm. It is now deprecated and should not be used anymore :rfc:`7465`. 339/10000 · 339
27 ../../exercises/dns.rst:78

	English sends DNS requests containing identifiers that are incremented by one after each request 88/10000 · 88
27 ../../exercises/ipv6.rst:232

	English Can you configure the forwarding tables so that the following paths are used by packets sent by host ``A`` to reach one of the four addresses of router ``R4``? 159/10000 · 159
27 ../../exercises/routing-protocols.rst:359

	English the requests 12/10000 · 12
27 ../../exercises/tcp-2.rst:147

	English Let us first explore how a TCP connection can be established. In the previous script, we have injected the segments that a client would send to a server. We can also use the Linux stack as a client and inject the segments that a server would return. Such a client process would first create its :manpage:`socket`` and then issue the :manpage:`connect` system call. At this point, the stack sends a ``SYN`` segment. To simplify the scripts, we have configured the stack to use a ``MSS`` of 1000 bytes and disabled the TCP extensions (the details of this configuration may be found at the beginning of the script). The server replies with a ``SYN+ACK`` and the stack sends acknowledges it to finish the three-way-handshake. 721/10000 · 721

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