cnp3-ebook - English @ Weblate

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27 ../../principles/naming.rst:130

	English if there are many concurrent clients, the load of the server will increase without any possibility of adding another server without changing the server addresses used by the clients 181/10000 · 181
27 ../../principles/network.rst:199

	English A path may lead to a `black hole`. In a network, a black hole is a router that receives packets for at least one given source/destination pair but does not have an entry inside its forwarding table for this destination. Since it does not know how to reach the destination, the router cannot forward the received packets and must discard them. Any centralized or distributed algorithm that computes forwarding tables must ensure that there are not black holes inside the network. 478/10000 · 478
27 ../../principles/referencemodels.rst:207

	English application layer entities exchange SDUs 42/10000 · 42
27 ../../principles/reliability.rst:70

	English This transmission scheme has been used in some early networks. We use it as a basis to understand how hosts communicate. From a Computer Science viewpoint, dealing with voltages is unusual. Computer scientists frequently rely on models that enable them to reason about the issues that they face without having to consider all implementation details. The physical transmission scheme described above can be represented by using a `time-sequence diagram`. 454/10000 · 454
27 ../../bibliography.rst:37

	English Buford, J., Yu, H., Lua, E.K., `P2P Networking and Applications <http://books.google.com/books?id=O9NkAaY9YxMC>`_, Morgan Kaufmann, 2008 136/10000 · 136
27 ../../glossary.rst:128

	English Classless Inter Domain Routing is the current address allocation architecture for IP version 4. It was defined in :rfc:`1518` and :rfc:`4632`. 142/10000 · 142
27 ../../principles/sharing.rst:200

	English the node's lookup performance measured in packets per second 60/10000 · 60
27 ../../principles/transport.rst:78

	English `0` : `0110000b` 16/10000 · 16
27 ../../principles/security.rst:324

	English RC4 is an encryption scheme defined in the late 1980s by Ron Rivest for RSA Security. Given the speed of its software implementation, it has been included in various protocols and implementations. However, cryptographers have identified several weaknesses in this algorithm. It is now deprecated and should not be used anymore :rfc:`7465`. 339/10000 · 339
27 ../../exercises/dns.rst:78

	English sends DNS requests containing identifiers that are incremented by one after each request 88/10000 · 88
27 ../../exercises/ipv6.rst:232

	English Can you configure the forwarding tables so that the following paths are used by packets sent by host ``A`` to reach one of the four addresses of router ``R4``? 159/10000 · 159
27 ../../exercises/routing-protocols.rst:359

	English the requests 12/10000 · 12
27 ../../exercises/tcp-2.rst:147

	English Let us first explore how a TCP connection can be established. In the previous script, we have injected the segments that a client would send to a server. We can also use the Linux stack as a client and inject the segments that a server would return. Such a client process would first create its :manpage:`socket`` and then issue the :manpage:`connect` system call. At this point, the stack sends a ``SYN`` segment. To simplify the scripts, we have configured the stack to use a ``MSS`` of 1000 bytes and disabled the TCP extensions (the details of this configuration may be found at the beginning of the script). The server replies with a ``SYN+ACK`` and the stack sends acknowledges it to finish the three-way-handshake. 721/10000 · 721
27 ../../protocols/bgp.rst:86

	English The figure below provides a simple example of import and export filters for two domains in a simple internetwork. In RPSL, the keyword `ANY` is used to replace any route from any domain. It is typically used by a provider to indicate that it announces all its routes to a customer over a `provider->customer` relationship. This is the case for `AS4`'s export policy. The example below clearly shows the difference between a `provider->customer` and a `shared-cost` peering relationship. `AS4`'s export filter indicates that it announces only its internal routes (`AS4`) and the routes learned from its clients (`AS7`) over its `shared-cost` peering with `AS3`, while it advertises all the routes that it uses (including the routes learned from `AS3`) to `AS7`. 760/10000 · 760
27 ../../protocols/congestion.rst:168

	English The `CWR` bit of the TCP header provides some form of acknowledgment for the `ECE` bit. When a TCP receiver detects a packet marked with the `CE` bit, it sets the `ECE` bit in all segments that it returns to the sender. Upon reception of an acknowledgment with the `ECE` bit set, the sender reduces its congestion window to reflect a mild congestion and sets the `CWR` bit. This bit remains set as long as the segments received contained the `ECE` bit set. A sender should only react once per round-trip-time to marked packets. 527/10000 · 527
27 ../../protocols/dnssec.rst:302

	English In this domain, the DNSSEC server adds three `NSEC` records. A `RRSIG` signature is also computed for each of these records. 124/10000 · 124
27 ../../protocols/email.rst:130

	English The figure below shows the header lines of one email message. The message originated at a host named `wira.firstpr.com.au` and was received by `smtp3.sgsi.ucl.ac.be`. The `Received:` lines have been wrapped for readability. 223/10000 · 223
27 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:169

	English Comments 8/10000 · 8
27 ../../protocols/http.rst:117

	English a `header`, that is used by the client to specify optional parameters for the request. An empty line is used to mark the end of the header 138/10000 · 138
27 ../../protocols/http2.rst:193

	English With HTTP/2.0 frames, the server could send the first 1250 bytes of the long object during 10 milliseconds, then send a second frame that contains the short object during one millisecond and later send a longer frame that contains the remaining 11250 bytes of the long object. In this case, the client has received the short object after 10 milliseconds. Given the HTTP/2.0 streams, the transmission of long web objects does not anymore blocks the transmission of shorter ones. 477/10000 · 477

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