cnp3-ebook - English @ Weblate

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33 ../../glossary.rst:170

	English An eBGP session is a BGP session between two directly connected routers that belong to two different Autonomous Systems. Also called an external BGP session. 157/10000 · 157
33 ../../principles/sharing.rst:218

	English If the buffer's occupancy continues to grow, it will overflow and packets will need to be discarded. Discarding packets during congestion is the second possible reaction of a network node to congestion. Before looking at how a node can discard packets, it is interesting to discuss qualitatively the impact of the buffer occupancy on the reliable delivery of data through a network. This is illustrated by the figure below, adapted from [Jain1990]_. 449/10000 · 449
33 ../../principles/transport.rst:86

	English `line feed` (`LF`) : `0001010b` 31/10000 · 31
33 ../../principles/security.rst:371

	English These two keys are generated together and they are linked by a complex mathematical relationship that is such that it is computationally difficult to compute :math:`K_{priv}` from :math:`K_{pub}`. 196/10000 · 196
33 ../../exercises/dns.rst:112

	English Footnotes 9/10000 · 9
33 ../../exercises/ipv6.rst:297

	English ... 3/10000 · 3
33 ../../exercises/routing-protocols.rst:378

	English Exploring BGP 13/10000 · 13
33 ../../exercises/tcp-2.rst:259

	English Another very interesting utilization of packetdrill_ is to explore how a TCP stack reacts to acknowledgments that would correspond to lost or reordered segments. For this analysis, we configure a very large initial congestion window to ensure that the connection does not start with a slow-start. 296/10000 · 296
33 ../../protocols/bgp.rst:110

	English BGP routers exchange routes over BGP sessions. A BGP session is established between two routers belonging to two different domains that are directly connected. As explained earlier, the physical connection between the two routers can be implemented as a private peering link or over an Internet eXchange Point. A BGP session between two adjacent routers runs above a TCP connection (the default BGP port is 179). In contrast with intradomain routing protocols that exchange IP packets or UDP segments, BGP runs above TCP because TCP ensures a reliable delivery of the BGP messages sent by each router without forcing the routers to implement acknowledgments, checksums, etc. Furthermore, the two routers consider the peering link to be up as long as the BGP session and the underlying TCP connection remain up [#flifetimebgp]_. The two endpoints of a BGP session are called `BGP peers`. 886/10000 · 886
33 ../../protocols/congestion.rst:186

	English Modeling TCP congestion control 31/10000 · 31
33 ../../protocols/email.rst:176

	English The `Content-Transfer-Encoding:` header line is used to specify how the message has been encoded. When MIME was designed, some email servers were only able to process messages containing characters encoded using the 7 bits ASCII character set. MIME allows the utilization of other character encodings. 301/10000 · 301
33 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:173

	English Two pairs of category 3+ UTP 28/10000 · 28
33 ../../protocols/http.rst:144

	English Several types of method can be used in HTTP requests. The three most important ones are : 89/10000 · 89
33 ../../protocols/http2.rst:232

	English As the server can send multiple objects at the same time, there is a risk of overloading the client buffers. To cope with this potential problem, HTTP/2.0 includes its own flow control mechanism. When an HTTP/2.0 session starts, a receiver agrees to receive up to 65,535 bytes over this connection (unless it has indicated a different initial window in its `Settings` frame). This limits the amount of data that a sender can transmit over the HTTP/2.0 session. The receiver can advertise a large receive window by sending a `Window_Update` frame at any time. This flow control mechanism can be applied to the entire connection or to a specific stream. In practice, using a small `HTTP/2.0 window` could severely limit the throughput over an HTTP/2.0 session. 758/10000 · 758
33 ../../protocols/ipv6.rst:121

	English ``0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1`` is represented as ``::1`` 45/10000 · 45
33 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:99

	English The first property is a consequence of the utilization of CSMA/CD. The second property is a consequence of the physical organization of the Ethernet network as a shared bus. These two properties are important and all revisions to the Ethernet technology have preserved them. 274/10000 · 274
33 ../../protocols/routing.rst:101

	English On the other hand, consider the prefixes `2001:db8:aaaa:0000::/64` and `2001:db8:aaaa:0001::/64` that are inside `area 1`. Router `RA` is the only area border router that is attached to this area. This router can create two different network summary advertisements : 266/10000 · 266
33 ../../protocols/rpc.rst:118

	English `error`: if the method called does not exist or its execution causes an error, the `result` element will be replaced by an `error` element which contains the following members : 177/10000 · 177
33 ../../protocols/ssh.rst:246

	English Authenticating messages with HMAC 33/10000 · 33
33 ../../protocols/tcp.rst:111

	English A TCP connection is established by using a three-way handshake. The connection establishment phase uses the `sequence number`, the `acknowledgment number` and the `SYN` flag. When a TCP connection is established, the two communicating hosts negotiate the initial sequence number to be used in both directions of the connection. For this, each TCP entity maintains a 32 bits counter, which is supposed to be incremented by one at least every 4 microseconds and after each connection establishment [#ftcpclock]_. When a client host wants to open a TCP connection with a server host, it creates a TCP segment with : 612/10000 · 612

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