cnp3-ebook - English @ Weblate

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48 ../../glossary.rst:190

	English FTP 3/10000 · 3
48 ../../principles/network.rst:302

	English the `data packets` 18/10000 · 18
48 ../../principles/reliability.rst:217

	English Bit rate and bandwidth 22/10000 · 22
48 ../../principles/sharing.rst:340

	English Distributing the load across the network 40/10000 · 40
48 ../../principles/security.rst:469

	English Cryptographic protocols 23/10000 · 23
48 ../../exercises/ipv6.rst:478

	English Can you configure the forwarding tables of the six routers to achieve the following network objectives : 104/10000 · 104
48 ../../exercises/routing-protocols.rst:569

	English Note that the path preferred by ``AS3`` to reach ``AS1`` is different. 70/10000 · 70
48 ../../exercises/tcp-2.rst:644

	English the transmission delay for a TCP acknowledgment is negligible 61/10000 · 61
48 ../../protocols/bgp.rst:143

	English From a conceptual point of view, a BGP router connected to `N` BGP peers, can be described as being composed of four parts as shown in the figure below. 152/10000 · 152
48 ../../protocols/congestion.rst:223

	English `NewReno` (:rfc:`3782`), which was proposed as an improvement of the fast recovery mechanism in the `Reno` implementation. 122/10000 · 122
48 ../../protocols/email.rst:227

	English `Base64` divides the sequence of bytes to be encoded into groups of three bytes (with the last group possibly being partially filled). Each group of three bytes is then divided into four six-bit fields and each six bit field is encoded as a character from the table below. 272/10000 · 272
48 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:192 • ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:308

	English Footnotes 9/10000 · 9
48 ../../protocols/http.rst:172

	English the `Referrer:` header is followed by a URI. It indicates the URI of the document that the client visited before sending this HTTP request. Thanks to this header, the server can know the URI of the document containing the hyperlink followed by the client, if any. This information is very useful to measure the impact of advertisements containing hyperlinks placed on websites. 377/10000 · 377
48 ../../protocols/ipv6.rst:166

	English To preserve the scalability of the routing system, it is important to minimize the number of routes that are stored on each router. A router cannot store and maintain one route for each of the almost 1 billion hosts that are connected to today's Internet. Routers should only maintain routes towards blocks of addresses and not towards individual hosts. For this, hosts are grouped in `subnets` based on their location in the network. A typical subnet groups all the hosts that are part of the same enterprise. An enterprise network is usually composed of several LANs interconnected by routers. A small block of addresses from the Enterprise's block is usually assigned to each LAN. 683/10000 · 683
48 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:173

	English Two pairs of category 3+ UTP 28/10000 · 28
48 ../../protocols/routing.rst:150

	English A first approach is to select one of the equal cost paths (e.g. the first or the last path found by the SPF computation) and install it in the forwarding table. In this case, only one path is used to reach each destination. 223/10000 · 223
48 ../../protocols/tcp.rst:151

	English A server could, of course, refuse to open a TCP connection upon reception of a `SYN` segment. This refusal may be due to various reasons. There may be no server process that is listening on the destination port of the `SYN` segment. The server could always refuse connection establishments from this particular client (e.g. due to security reasons) or the server may not have enough resources to accept a new TCP connection at that time. In this case, the server would reply with a TCP segment having its `RST` flag set and containing the `sequence number` of the received `SYN` segment incremented by one as its `acknowledgment number`. This is illustrated in the figure below. We discuss the other usages of the TCP `RST` flag later (see :ref:`TCPRelease`). 759/10000 · 759
48 ../../protocols/tls.rst:225

	English ``RSA``. This key exchange algorithm uses the encryption capabilities of the RSA public-key algorithm. The client has validated the server's public key thanks to the ``Certificate`` message. It then generates a (48 bytes) random number, encrypts it with the server public key and sends the encrypted number to the server in the ``ClientKeyExchange`` message. The server uses its private key to decrypt the random number. At this point, the client and the server share the same (48 bytes long) secret and use it to derive the secret keys required to encrypt and authenticate data in the second phase. With this key exchange algorithm, the server does not need to send a ``ServerKeyExchange`` message. 699/10000 · 699
48 ../../protocols/wifi.rst:131

	English Despite the utilization of acknowledgments, the 802.11 layer only provides an unreliable connectionless service like Ethernet networks that do not use acknowledgments. The 802.11 acknowledgments are used to minimize the probability of frame duplication. They do not guarantee that all frames will be correctly received by their recipients. Like Ethernet, 802.11 networks provide a high probability of successful delivery of the frames, not a guarantee. Furthermore, it should be noted that 802.11 networks do not use acknowledgments for multicast and broadcast frames. This implies that in practice such frames are more likely to suffer from transmission errors than unicast frames. 682/10000 · 682
48 ../../principles/transport.rst:126

	English A network is always designed and built to enable applications running on hosts to exchange information. In a previous chapter, we have explained the principles of the `network layer` that enables hosts connected to different types of datalink layers to exchange information through routers. These routers act as relays in the network layer and ensure the delivery of packets between any pair of hosts attached to the network. 425/10000 · 425

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