cnp3-ebook - English @ Weblate

Exit Zen

53 ../../glossary.rst:252

	English The HyperText Markup Language specifies the structure and the syntax of the documents that are exchanged on the world wide web. HTML is maintained by the `HTML working group <https://www.w3.org/html/wg/>`_ of the :term:`W3C` 224/10000 · 224
53 ../../principles/network.rst:335

	English For example, consider again the network topology above. `A` sends a control packet towards `B`. The initial `record route` is empty. When `R1` receives the packet, it adds its own address to the `record route` and forwards a copy to `R2` and another to `R3`. `R2` receives the packet, adds itself to the `record route` and forwards it to `R3`. `R3` receives two copies of the packet. The first contains the `[R1,R2]` `record route` and the second `[R1]`. In the end, `B` will receive two control packets containing `[R1,R2,R3,R4]` and `[R1,R3,R4]` as `record routes`. `B` can keep these two paths or select the best one and discard the second. A popular heuristic is to select the `record route` of the first received packet as being the best one since this likely corresponds to the shortest delay path. 805/10000 · 805
53 ../../principles/reliability.rst:229 • ../../principles/reliability.rst:268

	English Transmitted frame 17/10000 · 17
53 ../../principles/transport.rst:181

	English An `unreliable connectionless` service may suffer from various types of problems compared to a `reliable connectionless service`. First of all, an `unreliable connectionless service` does not guarantee the delivery of all SDUs. This can be expressed graphically by using the time-sequence diagram below. 303/10000 · 303
53 ../../principles/security.rst:545

	English To authenticate herself, Alice sends her user identifier to Bob. Bob replies with a random number as a challenge to verify that Alice knows the shared secret (i.e. her password). Alice replies with the result of the computation of a hash function (e.g. SHA-1) over a string that is the concatenation between the random number chosen by Bob and Alice's password. The random number chosen by Bob is often called a `nonce` since this is a number that should only be used once. Bob performs the same computation locally and can check the message returned by Alice. This type of authentication scheme has been used in various protocols. It prevents replay attacks. If Eve captures the messages exchanged by Alice and Bob, she cannot recover Alice's password from the messages exchanged since hash functions are non-invertible. Furthermore, she cannot replay the hashed value since Bob will always send a different nonce. 915/10000 · 915
53 ../../exercises/ipv6.rst:486

	English When a network is designed, an important element of the design is the IP address allocation plan. A good allocation plan can provide flexibility and help to reduce the size of the forwarding tables. 198/10000 · 198
53 ../../exercises/routing-protocols.rst:663

	English A useful command to start is `show bgp summary` which provides a summary of the state of the BGP daemon. 104/10000 · 104
53 ../../exercises/tcp-2.rst:684

	English Can you explain why the sender only sends one segment first and then two successive segments (the delay between the two segments on the figure is due to graphical reasons) ? 173/10000 · 173
53 ../../protocols/bgp.rst:163

	English the `Forwarding Information Base` (`FIB`) is used by the dataplane to forward packets towards their destination. The `FIB` contains, for each destination, the best route that has been selected by the `BGP decision process`. This decision process is an algorithm that selects, for each destination prefix, the best route according to the router's ranking algorithm that is part of its policy. 391/10000 · 391
53 ../../protocols/congestion.rst:235

	English Footnotes 9/10000 · 9
53 ../../protocols/email.rst:232

	English 17 2/10000 · 2
53 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:201

	English These network interfaces compute the TCP checksum while a segment is transferred from the host memory to the network interface [SH2004]_. 137/10000 · 137
53 ../../protocols/http.rst:185

	English The status line of the HTTP response begins with the version of HTTP used by the server (usually `HTTP/1.0` defined in :rfc:`1945` or `HTTP/1.1` defined in :rfc:`2616`) followed by a three digit status code and additional information in English. HTTP status codes have a similar structure as the reply codes used by SMTP: 321/10000 · 321
53 ../../protocols/ipv6.rst:179

	English ``/48`` for a single company 28/10000 · 28
53 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:176

	English 100Base-FX 10/10000 · 10
53 ../../protocols/routing.rst:164

	English In this formula, `N` is the number of outgoing interfaces on the equal cost paths towards the packet's destination. Various hash functions are possible, including CRC, checksum or MD5 :rfc:`2991`. Since the hash function is computed over the four-tuple, the same hash value will be computed for all packets belonging to the same flow. This prevents reordering due to load balancing inside the network. Most routers support this kind of load-balancing today [ACO+2006]_. 470/10000 · 470
53 ../../protocols/tcp.rst:185

	English Simultaneous establishment of a TCP connection 46/10000 · 46
53 ../../protocols/tls.rst:279

	English All the information required for the key exchange has now been transmitted. There are two important messages that will be sent by the client and the server to conclude the handshake and start the data transfer phase. 216/10000 · 216
53 ../../protocols/wifi.rst:152

	English IP over IEEE 802.11 19/10000 · 19
53 ../../exercises/sockets.rst:370

	English to wrap the ``recv_and_handle_message`` server function in a ``server`` executable, similarly to what you have done with the ``client`` executable. 147/10000 · 147

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