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70 ../../protocols/bgp.rst:287
	English ↹ ↵ NBS … “ ” ‘ ’ ﹙-﹚ ‐ – — Once the `R2-R3` has been established, `R3` sends `U(2001:db8:acbd::/48,2001:db8::2,AS30)`. `R2` announces on the `R2-R3` session all the routes inside its RIB. It thus sends to `R3` : `U(2001:db8:1234::/48,2001:db8::1,AS20:AS10)` and `U(2001:db8:5678::/48,2001:db8::1,AS20)`. Note that when `R2` advertises the route that it learned from `R1`, it updates the BGP nexthop and adds its AS number to the AS-Path. `R2` also sends `U(2001:db8:abcd::48,2001:db8::6,AS20:AS30)` to `R1` on the `R1-R3` session. At this point, all BGP routes have been exchanged and all routers can reach `2001:db8::1234/48`, `2001:db8:5678::/48` and `2001:db8:abcd::/48`. 647/10000 · 647
70 ../../protocols/email.rst:236
	English ↹ ↵ NBS … “ ” ‘ ’ ﹙-﹚ ‐ – — 36 2/10000 · 2
70 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:324
	English ↹ ↵ NBS … “ ” ‘ ’ ﹙-﹚ ‐ – — Spanning tree computed in a switched Ethernet network 53/10000 · 53
70 ../../protocols/http.rst:347
	English ↹ ↵ NBS … “ ” ‘ ’ ﹙-﹚ ‐ – — The server replies with the requested style sheet and maintains the persistent connection. Note that the server only accepts 99 remaining HTTP requests over this persistent connection. 184/10000 · 184
70 ../../protocols/ipv6.rst:237
	English ↹ ↵ NBS … “ ” ‘ ’ ﹙-﹚ ‐ – — ``0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0`` (``::`` in compact form) is the unspecified IPv6 address. This is the IPv6 address that a host can use as source address when trying to acquire an official address. 184/10000 · 184
70 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:211
	English ↹ ↵ NBS … “ ” ‘ ’ ﹙-﹚ ‐ – — Increasing the physical layer bandwidth as in `Fast Ethernet` was only one of the solutions to improve the performance of Ethernet LANs. A second solution was to replace the hubs with more intelligent devices. As `Ethernet hubs` operate in the physical layer, they can only regenerate the electrical signal to extend the geographical reach of the network. From a performance perspective, it would be more interesting to have devices that operate in the datalink layer and can analyze the destination address of each frame and forward the frames selectively on the link that leads to the destination. Such devices are usually called `Ethernet switches` [#fbridges]_. An `Ethernet switch` is a relay that operates in the datalink layer as is illustrated in the figure below. 773/10000 · 773
70 ../../protocols/tcp.rst:229
	English ↹ ↵ NBS … “ ” ‘ ’ ﹙-﹚ ‐ – — :rfc:`793` defines the Maximum Segment Size (MSS) TCP option that must be understood by all TCP implementations. This option (type 2) has a length of 4 bytes and contains a 16 bits word that indicates the MSS supported by the sender of the `SYN` segment. The MSS option can only be used in TCP segments having the `SYN` flag set. 329/10000 · 329
70 ../../protocols/tls.rst:381
	English ↹ ↵ NBS … “ ” ‘ ’ ﹙-﹚ ‐ – — During the last two decades, the deployment of TLS has continued to grow. The early TLS servers were only used for critical services such as e-commerce websites or online banks. As CPU performance improved, it became much more cost-effective to use TLS to secure non-critical parts of web servers, including the delivery of HTML pages and even video services. There is now a growing number of applications that rely on TLS [AM2019]_. 433/10000 · 433
70 ../../bibliography.rst:92
	English ↹ ↵ NBS … “ ” ‘ ’ ﹙-﹚ ‐ – — Goralski, W., `The Illustrated network : How TCP/IP works in a modern network <http://books.google.com/books?id=6nDtNA6VJ5YC>`_, Morgan Kaufmann, 2009 150/10000 · 150
70 ../../principles/sharing.rst:450
	English ↹ ↵ NBS … “ ” ‘ ’ ﹙-﹚ ‐ – — In the 1960s, computers were mainly mainframes with a few dozen terminals attached to them. These terminals were usually in the same building as the mainframe and were directly connected to it. In some cases, the terminals were installed in remote locations and connected through a :term:`modem` attached to a :term:`dial-up line`. The university of Hawaii chose a different organization. Instead of using telephone lines to connect the distant terminals, they developed the first `packet radio` technology [Abramson1970]_. Until then, computer networks were built on top of either the telephone network or physical cables. ALOHANet showed that it is possible to use radio signals to interconnect computers. 708/10000 · 708
71 ../../exercises/network.rst:389
	English ↹ ↵ NBS … “ ” ‘ ’ ﹙-﹚ ‐ – — Router `B` will flood its updated link state packet through the entire network and all routers will recompute their forwarding table. Upon reception of a link state packet, routers usually first flood the received link-state packet and then recompute their forwarding table. Assume that `B` is the first to recompute its forwarding table, followed by `D`, `A`, `C` and finally `E`. 381/10000 · 381
71 ../../glossary.rst:249
	English ↹ ↵ NBS … “ ” ‘ ’ ﹙-﹚ ‐ – — The Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP), defined in :rfc:`3501`, is an application-level protocol that allows a client to access and manipulate the emails stored on a server. With IMAP, the email messages remain on the server and are not downloaded on the client. 267/10000 · 267
71 ../../principles/reliability.rst:256
	English ↹ ↵ NBS … “ ” ‘ ’ ﹙-﹚ ‐ – — `NUL`: `0000000` b 18/10000 · 18
71 ../../principles/security.rst:851
	English ↹ ↵ NBS … “ ” ‘ ’ ﹙-﹚ ‐ – — a hash of the entire file signed with Ted's private key 55/10000 · 55
71 ../../exercises/ipv6.rst:648
	English ↹ ↵ NBS … “ ” ‘ ’ ﹙-﹚ ‐ – — With these IP prefixes and the network topology, we can now use IPMininet_ to create the topology and assign the addresses. 123/10000 · 123
71 ../../exercises/routing-protocols.rst:991
	English ↹ ↵ NBS … “ ” ‘ ’ ﹙-﹚ ‐ – — We can use IPMininet_ to prepare some networks with problems that need to be analyzed and corrected. 100/10000 · 100
71 ../../protocols/bgp.rst:289
	English ↹ ↵ NBS … “ ” ‘ ’ ﹙-﹚ ‐ – — If the link between `R2` and `R3` fails, `R3` detects the failure as it did not receive `KEEPALIVE` messages recently from `R2`. At this time, `R3` removes from its RIB all the routes learned over the `R2-R3` BGP session. `R2` also removes from its RIB the routes learned from `R3`. `R2` also sends `W(2001:db8:acbd::/48)` to `R1` over the `R1-R3` BGP session since it does not have a route anymore towards this prefix. 420/10000 · 420
71 ../../protocols/email.rst:236
	English ↹ ↵ NBS … “ ” ‘ ’ ﹙-﹚ ‐ – — k 1/10000 · 1
71 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:327
	English ↹ ↵ NBS … “ ” ‘ ’ ﹙-﹚ ‐ – — In this network, the STP will compute the following spanning tree. `Switch1` will be the root of the tree. All the interfaces of `Switch1`, `Switch2` and `Switch7` are part of the spanning tree. Only the interface connected to `LAN B` will be active on `Switch9`. `LAN H` will only be served by `Switch7` and the port of `Switch44` on `LAN G` will be disabled. A frame originating on `LAN B` and destined for `LAN A` will be forwarded by `Switch7` on `LAN C`, then by `Switch1` on `LAN E`, then by `Switch44` on `LAN F` and eventually by `Switch2` on `LAN A`. 559/10000 · 559
71 ../../protocols/http.rst:362
	English ↹ ↵ NBS … “ ” ‘ ’ ﹙-﹚ ‐ – — Then the client requested the web server's icon [#ffavicon]_. This server does not contain such an icon and thus replies with a `404` HTTP status. However, the underlying TCP connection is not closed immediately. 212/10000 · 212