cnp3-ebook - English @ Weblate

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87 ../../glossary.rst:104

	English The Initial Sequence Number of a TCP connection is the sequence number chosen by the client ( resp. server) that is placed in the `SYN` (resp. `SYN+ACK`) segment during the establishment of the TCP connection. 209/10000 · 209
87 ../../principles/network.rst:453

	English For example, consider the `label forwarding table` of a network node below. 75/10000 · 75
87 ../../principles/sharing.rst:573

	English To better understand these collisions, it is useful to analyze what would be the worst collision on a shared bus network. Let us consider a wire with two hosts attached at both ends, as shown in the figure below. Host A starts to transmit its frame and its electrical signal is propagated on the cable. Its propagation time depends on the physical length of the cable and the speed of the electrical signal. Let us use :math:`\tau` to represent this propagation delay in seconds. Slightly less than :math:`\tau` seconds after the beginning of the transmission of A's frame, B decides to start transmitting its own frame. After :math:`\epsilon` seconds, B senses A's frame, detects the collision and stops transmitting. The beginning of B's frame travels on the cable until it reaches host A. Host A can thus detect the collision at time :math:`\tau-\epsilon+\tau \approx 2\times\tau`. An important point to note is that a collision can only occur during the first :math:`2\times\tau` seconds of its transmission. If a collision did not occur during this period, it cannot occur afterwards since the transmission channel is busy after :math:`\tau` seconds and CSMA/CD hosts sense the transmission channel before transmitting their frame. 1236/10000 · 1236
87 ../../principles/security.rst:951

	English Alice chooses a secret integer : :math:`a=8` and sends :math:`A= g^{a} \mod p= 5^{8} \mod 23=16` to Bob 103/10000 · 103
87 ../../exercises/ipv6.rst:808

	English Another interesting mininet_ command is ``pingall`` it allows to check that any host can reach any other host inside the network. It executes a ping from any host to any other host inside the network topology. 209/10000 · 209
87 ../../exercises/routing-protocols.rst:1272

	English Let us now consider another example, also implemented using an IPMininet_ script. The network contains eight ASes with one host per AS. This small Internet is shown below and the script is available from :download:`/exercises/ipmininet_scripts/ebgp-bug-3.py`. 259/10000 · 259
87 ../../protocols/bgp.rst:346

	English Sometimes, the `local-pref` attribute is used to prefer a `cheap` link compared to a more expensive one. For example, in the network below, `AS1` could wish to send and receive packets mainly via its interdomain link with `AS4`. 228/10000 · 228
87 ../../protocols/email.rst:242 • ../../protocols/email.rst:244

	English 5 1/10000 · 1
87 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:357

	English 20000 5/10000 · 5
87 ../../protocols/ipv6.rst:337

	English `Next Header` : this 8-bit field indicates the type [#fianaprotocol]_ of header that follows the IPv6 header. It can be a transport layer header (e.g. `6` for TCP or `17` for UDP) or an IPv6 option. 198/10000 · 198
87 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:331

	English The switches exchange `BPDUs` to build the spanning tree. Intuitively, the spanning tree is built by first selecting the switch with the smallest `identifier` as the root of the tree. The branches of the spanning tree are then composed of the shortest paths that allow all of the switches that compose the network to be reached. The `BPDUs` exchanged by the switches contain the following information : 402/10000 · 402
87 ../../protocols/tcp.rst:263

	English the current state of the TCP FSM 32/10000 · 32
87 ../../protocols/tls.rst:482

	English On the web, TLS clients use certificates to authenticate servers but the clients are not authenticated. However, there are environments such as enterprise networks where servers may need to authenticate clients as well. A popular deployment is to authenticate remote clients who wish to access the enterprise network through a Virtual Private Network service. Some of these services run above TLS (or more precisely a variant of TLS named DTLS that runs above UDP [MoR2004]_ but is outside the scope of this chapter). In such services, each client is authenticated thanks to a public key and a certificate that is trusted by the servers. To establish a TLS session, such a client needs to prove that it owns the public key associated with the certificate. This is done by the server thanks to the CertificateRequest message. The TLS handshake becomes the following one: 869/10000 · 869
87 ../../bibliography.rst:111

	English Kaufman, C., Perlman, R., Speciner, M., `Network Security : Private communication in a public world <https://books.google.be/books?id=wxMqaz4JMb0C>`_, 2nd edition, Prentice Hall, 2002 183/10000 · 183
87 ../../principles/reliability.rst:307

	English We can now build upon the framing mechanism to allow the hosts to exchange frames containing an integer number of bits or bytes. Once the framing problem has been solved, we can focus on designing a technique that allows reliably exchanging frames. 248/10000 · 248
87 ../../principles/transport.rst:554

	English The transport layer entity interacts with both a user in the application layer and the network layer. It improves the network layer service to make it usable by applications. From the application's viewpoint, the main limitations of the network layer service come from its unreliable service: 292/10000 · 292
88 ../../bibliography.rst:112

	English Kung, N.T. Morris, R., `Credit-based flow control for ATM networks <https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/65.372658>`_, IEEE Network, Mar/Apr 1995, Volume: 9, Issue: 2, pages: 40-48 173/10000 · 173
88 ../../glossary.rst:36

	English ISO 3/10000 · 3
88 ../../principles/network.rst:457 • ../../principles/network.rst:499 • ../../principles/network.rst:511 • ../../principles/network.rst:523 • ../../principles/network.rst:535

	English index 5/10000 · 5
88 ../../principles/reliability.rst:314

	English Recovering from transmission errors 35/10000 · 35

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