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94 ../../protocols/ipv6.rst:349

	English For example, an IPv6 packet that contains an TCP segment would appear as shown in the figure below. 99/10000 · 99
94 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:353

	English Bandwidth 9/10000 · 9
94 ../../protocols/tcp.rst:270

	English `sending buffer` : a buffer used to store all unacknowledged data 65/10000 · 65
94 ../../bibliography.rst:119

	English Lamport, L., `Password authentication with insecure communication <http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/358790.358797>`_. Communications ACM 24, 11 (November 1981), 770-772. 163/10000 · 163
94 ../../principles/reliability.rst:342

	English Unfortunately, this is not always sufficient to ensure a reliable delivery of the SDUs. Consider the case where a client sends tens of SDUs to a server. If the server is faster than the client, it will be able to receive and process all the frames sent by the client and deliver their content to its user. However, if the server is slower than the client, problems may arise. The datalink entity contains buffers to store SDUs that have been received as a `Data.request` but have not yet been sent. If the application is faster than the physical link, the buffer may become full. At this point, the operating system suspends the application to let the datalink entity empty its transmission queue. The datalink entity also uses a buffer to store the received frames that have not yet been processed by the application. If the application is slow to process the data, this buffer may overflow and the datalink entity will not able to accept any additional frame. The buffers of the datalink entity have a limited size and if they overflow, the arriving frames will be discarded, even if they are correct. 1103/10000 · 1103
95 ../../bibliography.rst:122

	English Eng Keong Lua, Crowcroft, J., Pias, M., Sharma, R., Lim, S., `A survey and comparison of peer-to-peer overlay network schemes <https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2005.1610546>`_, Communications Surveys & Tutorials, IEEE, Volume: 7 , Issue: 2, 2005, pp. 72-93 256/10000 · 256
95 ../../glossary.rst:41

	English The International Telecommunication Union is a United Nation's agency whose purpose is to develop standards for the telecommunication industry. It was initially created to standardize the basic telephone system but expanded later towards data networks. The work within ITU is mainly done by network specialists from the telecommunication industry (operators and vendors). See https://www.itu.int for more information 416/10000 · 416
95 ../../principles/network.rst:461 • ../../principles/network.rst:461 • ../../principles/network.rst:513 • ../../principles/network.rst:513

	English none 4/10000 · 4
95 ../../principles/reliability.rst:344

	English To solve this problem, a reliable protocol must include a feedback mechanism that allows the receiver to inform the sender that it has processed a frame and that another one can be sent. This feedback is required even though there are no transmission errors. To include such a feedback, our reliable protocol must process two types of frames : 343/10000 · 343
95 ../../principles/sharing.rst:609

	English Both hosts retransmit immediately and a new collision occurs 60/10000 · 60
95 ../../principles/transport.rst:570

	English We have already described in the datalink layers mechanisms to deal with data losses and transmission errors. These techniques are also used in the transport layer. 164/10000 · 164
95 ../../principles/security.rst:978

	English Bob chooses a secret integer and sends :math:`B=g^{b} \mod p` to Mallory 72/10000 · 72
95 ../../exercises/ipv6.rst:898

	English We can analyze this configuration problem in more details by using ``traceroute6``. The loop appears clearly. 109/10000 · 109
95 ../../protocols/bgp.rst:371

	English With such an import filter, the routers of a domain always prefer to reach destinations via their customers whenever such a route exists. Otherwise, they prefer to use `shared-cost` peering relationships and they only send packets via their providers when they do not know any alternate route. A consequence of setting the `local-pref` attribute like this is that Internet paths are often asymmetrical. Consider for example the internetwork shown in the figure below. 467/10000 · 467
95 ../../protocols/email.rst:244

	English G 1/10000 · 1
95 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:370

	English The state of each port is important when considering the transmission of `BPDUs`. The root switch regularly sends its own `BPDU` over all of its (`Designated`) ports. This `BPDU` is received on the `Root` port of all the switches that are directly connected to the `root switch`. Each of these switches computes its own `BPDU` and sends this `BPDU` over all its `Designated` ports. These `BPDUs` are then received on the `Root` port of downstream switches, which then compute their own `BPDU`, etc. When the network topology is stable, switches send their own `BPDU` on all their `Designated` ports, once they receive a `BPDU` on their `Root` port. No `BPDU` is sent on a `Blocked` port. Switches listen for `BPDUs` on their `Blocked` and `Designated` ports, but no `BPDU` should be received over these ports when the topology is stable. The utilization of the ports for both `BPDUs` and data frames is summarized in the table below. 933/10000 · 933
95 ../../protocols/ipv6.rst:354

	English An IPv6 packet containing an TCP segment 40/10000 · 40
95 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:353

	English Cost 4/10000 · 4
95 ../../protocols/tcp.rst:271

	English `receiving buffer` : a buffer to store all data received from the remote host that has not yet been delivered to the user. Data may be stored in the `receiving buffer` because either it was not received in sequence or because the user is too slow to process it 260/10000 · 260
96 ../../glossary.rst:150

	English IXP 3/10000 · 3

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