cnp3-ebook - English @ Weblate

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101 ../../principles/sharing.rst:641

	English The inter-frame delay used in this pseudo-code is a short delay corresponding to the time required by a network adapter to switch from transmit to receive mode. It is also used to prevent a host from sending a continuous stream of frames without leaving any transmission opportunities for other hosts on the network. This contributes to the fairness of CSMA/CD. Despite this delay, there are still conditions where CSMA/CD is not completely fair [RY1994]_. Consider for example a network with two hosts : a server sending long frames and a client sending acknowledgments. Measurements reported in [RY1994]_ have shown that there are situations where the client could suffer from repeated collisions that lead it to wait for long periods of time due to the exponential back-off algorithm. 787/10000 · 787
101 ../../principles/transport.rst:611

	English A `segment` also contains control information, usually stored inside a `header` and the payload that comes from the application. To detect transmission errors, transport protocols rely on checksums or CRCs like the datalink layer protocols. 240/10000 · 240
101 ../../principles/security.rst:995

	English Alice chooses a secret integer : :math:`a` and sends :math:`A= g^{a} \mod p` to Bob 83/10000 · 83
101 ../../exercises/ipv6.rst:971

	English The `Next Header` of the IPv6 packet indicates the type of the header that follows the IPv6 packet. IANA_ maintains a list of all the assigned values of this header at https://www.iana.org/assignments/protocol-numbers/protocol-numbers.xhtml 240/10000 · 240
101 ../../protocols/bgp.rst:396

	English In this internetwork, we focus on the route towards `2001:db8::1234/48` which is advertised by `AS1`. Let us also assume that `AS3` (resp. `AS4`) prefers, e.g. for economic reasons, a route learned from `AS4` (`AS3`) over a route learned from `AS1`. When `AS1` sends `U(2001:db8::1234/48,AS1)` to `AS3` and `AS4`, three sequences of exchanges of BGP messages are possible : 373/10000 · 373
101 ../../protocols/email.rst:246 • ../../protocols/email.rst:248

	English 7 1/10000 · 1
101 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:375 • ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:376 • ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:376 • ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:377 • ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:377 • ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:377

	English yes 3/10000 · 3
101 ../../protocols/ipv6.rst:365

	English `Fragment` header. This option is processed only by hosts. 58/10000 · 58
101 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:357

	English 20000 5/10000 · 5
101 ../../protocols/tcp.rst:291

	English An elegant solution to this problem was proposed by John Nagle in :rfc:`896`. John Nagle observed that the overhead caused by the TCP header was a problem in wide area connections, but less in local area connections where the available bandwidth is usually higher. He proposed the following rules to decide to send a new data segment when a new data has been produced by the user or a new `ack` segment has been received. 421/10000 · 421
102 ../../glossary.rst:30

	English MAN 3/10000 · 3
102 ../../principles/reliability.rst:388

	English The above FSM shows that the sender has to wait for an acknowledgment from the receiver before being able to transmit the next SDU. The figure below illustrates the exchange of a few frames between two hosts. 209/10000 · 209
102 ../../principles/sharing.rst:647

	English Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance 54/10000 · 54
102 ../../principles/security.rst:997

	English Bob chooses a secret integer : :math:`b`, computes :math:`B= g^{b} \mod p` and sends :math:`Cert(Bob,Bob_{pub},Ted), E_p(Bob_{priv},B)` to Alice 144/10000 · 144
102 ../../exercises/ipv6.rst:980

	English When an IPv6 router receives a packet that is larger than the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) on its outgoing interface, it drops the packet and returns an ICMPv6 message back to the source. Upon reception of this ICMPv6 message, the source will either adjust the size of the packets that it transmits or use IPv6 packet fragmentation. The exercises below show a few examples of the utilization of IPv6 fragmentation. 417/10000 · 417
102 ../../protocols/bgp.rst:398

	English `AS3` sends first `U(2001:db8:1234/48,AS3:AS1)` to `AS4`. `AS4` has learned two routes towards `2001:db8:1234/48`. It runs its BGP decision process and selects the route via `AS3` and does not advertise a route to `AS3` 219/10000 · 219
102 ../../protocols/email.rst:246

	English H 1/10000 · 1
102 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:375 • ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:375 • ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:376

	English no 2/10000 · 2
102 ../../protocols/ipv6.rst:366

	English `Authentication` header. This option is processed only by hosts. 64/10000 · 64
102 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:358

	English 2000 4/10000 · 4

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