cnp3-ebook - English @ Weblate

Exit Zen

104 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:377

	English Designated 10/10000 · 10
104 ../../protocols/ipv6.rst:369

	English The last two headers are used to add security above IPv6 and implement IPSec. They are described in :rfc:`2402` and :rfc:`2406` and are outside the scope of this document. 171/10000 · 171
104 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:359

	English 200 3/10000 · 3
104 ../../protocols/tcp.rst:309

	English in TCP/IP networks, a large fraction of the packets are TCP segments that contain only an acknowledgment. These packets usually account for 40-50% of the packets passing through the studied link 194/10000 · 194
104 ../../bibliography.rst:138

	English Malkin, G., `RIP: An Intra-Domain Routing Protocol <http://books.google.com/books?id=BtJpQgAACAAJ>`_, Addison Wesley, 1999 122/10000 · 122
104 ../../principles/reliability.rst:409

	English An important aspect to understand before studying computer networks is the difference between a service and a protocol. For this, it is useful to start with real world examples. The traditional Post provides a service where a postman delivers letters to recipients. The Post precisely defines which types of letters (size, weight, etc) can be delivered by using the Standard Mail service. Furthermore, the format of the envelope is specified (position of the sender and recipient addresses, position of the stamp). Someone who wants to send a letter must either place the letter at a Post Office or inside one of the dedicated mailboxes. The letter will then be collected and delivered to its final recipient. Note that for the regular service the Post usually does not guarantee the delivery of each particular letter. Some letters may be lost, and some letters are delivered to the wrong mailbox. If a letter is important, then the sender can use the registered service to ensure that the letter will be delivered to its recipient. Some Post services also provide an acknowledged service or an express mail service that is faster than the regular service. 1161/10000 · 1161
105 ../../bibliography.rst:139

	English Metcalfe R., Boggs, D., `Ethernet: Distributed packet-switching for local computer networks <http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/360248.3602530>`_. Communications of the ACM, 19(7):395--404, 1976. 187/10000 · 187
105 ../../glossary.rst:243

	English The Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) defined in :rfc:`2045` are a set of extensions to the format of email messages that allow to use non-ASCII characters inside mail messages. A MIME message can be composed of several different parts each having a different format. 278/10000 · 278
105 ../../principles/network.rst:503 • ../../principles/network.rst:515

	English ->R5 4/10000 · 4
105 ../../principles/reliability.rst:424

	English Reliable data transfer on top of an imperfect link 50/10000 · 50
105 ../../principles/sharing.rst:659

	English Compared to CSMA, CSMA/CA defines more precisely when a device is allowed to send a frame. First, CSMA/CA defines two delays : `DIFS` and `EIFS`. To send a frame, a device must first wait until the channel has been idle for at least the `Distributed Coordination Function Inter Frame Space` (DIFS) if the previous frame was received correctly. However, if the previously received frame was corrupted, this indicates that there are collisions and the device must sense the channel idle for at least the `Extended Inter Frame Space` (EIFS), with :math:`SIFS<DIFS<EIFS`. The exact values for SIFS, DIFS and EIFS depend on the underlying physical layer [IEEE802.11]_. 663/10000 · 663
105 ../../principles/transport.rst:638

	English Connection establishment 24/10000 · 24
105 ../../principles/security.rst:1006

	English This prevents the attack mentioned above since Mallory cannot create a fake certificate and cannot sign a value by using Bob's private key. Given the risk of man-in-the-middle attacks, the Diffie-Hellman key exchange mechanism should never be used without authentication. 271/10000 · 271
105 ../../exercises/ipv6.rst:995

	English The :manpage:`traceroute6(8)` software is very useful to debug network problems. It sends a series of UDP segments encapsulated inside IP packets with increasing values of the HopLimit. The first packet has a HotLimit and the first router on the path returns an ICMPv6 HopLimit exceeded message. 295/10000 · 295
105 ../../protocols/bgp.rst:402

	English The example above has shown that the routes selected by BGP routers may sometimes depend on the ordering of the BGP messages that are exchanged. Other similar scenarios may be found in :rfc:`4264`. 197/10000 · 197
105 ../../protocols/email.rst:246

	English 41 2/10000 · 2
105 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:382

	English To illustrate the operation of the `Spanning Tree Protocol`, let us consider the simple network topology in the figure below. 125/10000 · 125
105 ../../protocols/ipv6.rst:371

	English The `Hop-by-Hop Options` header was designed to make IPv6 easily extensible. In theory, this option could be used to define new fields that were not foreseen when IPv6 was designed. It is intended to be processed by both routers and hosts. Deploying an extension to a network protocol can be difficult in practice since some nodes already support the extensions while others still use the old version and do not understand the extension. To deal with this issue, the IPv6 designers opted for a Type-Length-Value encoding of these IPv6 options. The `Hop-by-Hop Options` header is encoded as shown below. 603/10000 · 603
105 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:362

	English The `Spanning Tree Protocol` uses its own terminology that we illustrate in the figure above. A switch port can be in three different states : `Root`, `Designated` and `Blocked`. All the ports of the `root` switch are in the `Designated` state. The state of the ports on the other switches is determined based on the `BPDU` received on each port. 346/10000 · 346
105 ../../protocols/tcp.rst:310

	English in TCP/IP networks, most of the bytes are exchanged in long packets, usually packets containing about 1440 bytes of payload which is the default MSS for hosts attached to an Ethernet network, the most popular type of LAN 220/10000 · 220

Shortcut	Action
`?`	Open available keyboard shortcuts.
`Alt` + `Home`	Navigate to the first translation in the current search.
`Alt` + `End`	Navigate to the last translation in the current search.
`Alt` + `PageUp` or `Ctrl` + `↑` or `Alt` + `↑` or `Cmd` + `↑` or	Navigate to the previous translation in the current search.
`Alt` + `PageDown` or `Ctrl` + `↓` or `Alt` + `↓` or `Cmd` + `↓` or	Navigate to the next translation in the current search.
`Ctrl` + `Enter` or `Cmd` + `Enter`	Submit current form; this works the same as pressing Save and continue while editing translation.
`Ctrl` + `Shift` + `Enter` or `Cmd` + `Shift` +`Enter`	Unmark translation as Needing edit and submit it.
`Alt` + `Enter` or `Option` + `Enter`	Submit the string as a suggestion; this works the same as pressing Suggest while editing translation.
`Ctrl` + `E` or `Cmd` + `E`	Focus on translation editor.
`Ctrl` + `U` or `Cmd` + `U`	Focus on comment editor.
`Ctrl` + `M` or `Cmd` + `M`	Shows Automatic suggestions tab.
`Ctrl` + `1` to `Ctrl` + `9` or `Cmd` + `1` to `Cmd` + `9`	Copies placeable of a given number from source string.
`Ctrl` + `M` followed by `1` to `9` or `Cmd` + `M` followed by `1` to `9`	Copy the machine translation of a given number to current translation.
`Ctrl` + `I` followed by `1` to `9` or `Cmd` + `I` followed by `1` to `9`	Ignore one item in the list of failing checks.
`Ctrl` + `J` or `Cmd` + `J`	Shows the Nearby strings tab.
`Ctrl` + `S` or `Cmd` + `S`	Focus on search field.
`Ctrl` + `O` or `Cmd` + `O`	Copy the source string.
`Ctrl` + `Y` or `Cmd` + `Y`	Toggle the Needs editing checkbox.
`→`	Browse the next translation string.
`←`	Browse the previous translation string.