cnp3-ebook - English @ Weblate

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181 ../../protocols/ipv6.rst:637

	English As explained earlier, devices attached to a Local Area Network can directly exchange frames among themselves. For this, each datalink layer interface on a device (host, router, ...) attached to such a network is identified by a MAC address. Each datalink layer interface includes a unique hardwired MAC address. MAC addresses are allocated to manufacturers in blocks and interface is numbered with a unique address. Thanks to the global unicity of the MAC addresses, the datalink layer service can assume that two hosts attached to a LAN have different addresses. Most LANs provide an unreliable connectionless service and a datalink layer frame has a header containing : 671/10000 · 671
181 ../../protocols/wifi.rst:144

	English IP over 802.11 14/10000 · 14
181 ../../protocols/tcp.rst:611

	English TIME\_WAIT on busy TCP servers 30/10000 · 30
181 ../../principles/linkstate.rst:76

	English In this pseudo-code, `LSDB(r)` returns the most recent `LSP` originating from router `r` that is stored in the `LSDB`. `newer(lsp1, lsp2)` returns true if `lsp1` is more recent than `lsp2`. See the note below for a discussion on how `newer` can be implemented. 260/10000 · 260
182 ../../glossary.rst:226

	English TLD 3/10000 · 3
182 ../../principles/reliability.rst:943

	English the `go-back-n` receiver does not accept out-of-sequence frames 63/10000 · 63
182 ../../principles/linkstate.rst:78

	English Which is the most recent LSP ? 30/10000 · 30
182 ../../protocols/email.rst:293

	English 000101 000000 13/10000 · 13
182 ../../protocols/ipv6.rst:639

	English the source MAC address 22/10000 · 22
182 ../../protocols/wifi.rst:146

	English Two types of encapsulation schemes were defined to support IP in Ethernet networks : the original encapsulation scheme, built above the Ethernet DIX format is defined in :rfc:`894` and a second encapsulation :rfc:`1042` scheme, built above the LLC/SNAP protocol [IEEE802.2]_. In 802.11 networks, the situation is simpler and only the :rfc:`1042` encapsulation is used. In practice, this encapsulation adds 6 bytes to the 802.11 header. The first four bytes correspond to the LLC/SNAP header. They are followed by the two bytes Ethernet Type field (`0x800` for IP and `0x806` for ARP). The figure below shows an IP packet encapsulated in an 802.11 frame. 653/10000 · 653
182 ../../protocols/tcp.rst:613

	English The :math:`2*MSL` seconds delay in the `TIME\_WAIT` state is an important operational problem on servers having thousands of simultaneously opened TCP connections [FTY99]_. Consider for example a busy web server that processes 10.000 TCP connections every second. If each of these connections remains in the `TIME\_WAIT` state for 4 minutes, this implies that the server would have to maintain more than 2 million TCBs at any time. For this reason, some TCP implementations prefer to perform an abrupt connection release by sending a `RST` segment to close the connection [AW05]_ and immediately discard the corresponding :term:`TCB`. However, if the `RST` segment is lost, the remote host continues to maintain a :term:`TCB` for a connection that no longer exists. This optimization reduces the number of TCBs maintained by the host sending the `RST` segment but at the potential cost of increased processing on the remote host when the `RST` segment is lost. 960/10000 · 960
182 ../../principles/sharing.rst:1518

	English There are still some vendors that try to put as many buffers as possible on their routers. A recent example is the buffer bloat problem that plagues some low-end Internet routers [GN2011]_. 189/10000 · 189
183 ../../glossary.rst:228

	English A Top-level domain name. There are two types of TLDs. The ccTLD are the TLD that correspond to a two letters :term:`ISO-3166` country code. The gTLD are the generic TLDs that are not assigned to a country. 205/10000 · 205
183 ../../principles/reliability.rst:944

	English the `go-back-n` sender retransmits all unacknowledged frames once it has detected a loss 88/10000 · 88
183 ../../principles/linkstate.rst:80

	English A router that implements flooding must be able to detect whether a received LSP is newer than the stored LSP. This requires a comparison between the sequence number of the received LSP and the sequence number of the LSP stored in the link state database. The ARPANET routing protocol [MRR1979]_ used a 6 bits sequence number and implemented the comparison as follows :rfc:`789` 377/10000 · 377
183 ../../protocols/email.rst:295

	English 5 0 7/10000 · 7
183 ../../protocols/ipv6.rst:640

	English the destination MAC address 27/10000 · 27
183 ../../protocols/wifi.rst:152

	English IP over IEEE 802.11 19/10000 · 19
183 ../../protocols/tcp.rst:620

	English Footnotes 9/10000 · 9
183 ../../principles/sharing.rst:1520

	English Some examples of the performance of various types of commercial networks nodes (routers and switches) may be found in http://www.cisco.com/web/partners/downloads/765/tools/quickreference/routerperformance.pdf and http://www.cisco.com/web/partners/downloads/765/tools/quickreference/switchperformance.pdf 303/10000 · 303

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