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9 ../../protocols/routing.rst:29
	English ↹ ↵ NBS … “ ” ‘ ’ ﹙-﹚ ‐ – — Intradomain routing 19/10000 · 19
9 ../../protocols/rpc.rst:18
	English ↹ ↵ NBS … “ ” ‘ ’ ﹙-﹚ ‐ – — This model was developed with a single host in mind. How should it be modified if the caller and the callee are different hosts connected through a network ? Since the two hosts can be different, the two main problems are the fact they do not share the same memory and that they do not necessarily use the same representation for numbers, characters, ... Let us examine how the five steps identified above can be supported through a network. 441/10000 · 441
9 ../../protocols/ssh.rst:84
	English ↹ ↵ NBS … “ ” ‘ ’ ﹙-﹚ ‐ – — key exchange 12/10000 · 12
9 ../../protocols/tcp.rst:22
	English ↹ ↵ NBS … “ ” ‘ ’ ﹙-﹚ ‐ – — On the global Internet, most of the applications used in the wide area rely on TCP. Many studies [#ftcpusage]_ have reported that TCP was responsible for more than 90% of the data exchanged in the global Internet. 213/10000 · 213
9 ../../protocols/tls.rst:43
	English ↹ ↵ NBS … “ ” ‘ ’ ﹙-﹚ ‐ – — POP3 4/10000 · 4
9 ../../protocols/transport-service.rst:20
	English ↹ ↵ NBS … “ ” ‘ ’ ﹙-﹚ ‐ – — On the Internet, the `port number` is an integer and the `host` is identified by its network address. There are two types of Internet addresses : 145/10000 · 145
9 ../../protocols/udp.rst:49
	English ↹ ↵ NBS … “ ” ‘ ’ ﹙-﹚ ‐ – — UDP Header Format 17/10000 · 17
9 ../../protocols/wifi.rst:19
	English ↹ ↵ NBS … “ ” ‘ ’ ﹙-﹚ ‐ – — Max bandwidth 13/10000 · 13
9 ../../protocols/dns.rst:35
	English ↹ ↵ NBS … “ ” ‘ ’ ﹙-﹚ ‐ – — The `AA` bit is set when the server that sent the response has `authority` for the domain name found in the question section. In the original DNS deployments, two types of servers were considered : `authoritative` servers and `non-authoritative` servers. The `authoritative` servers are managed by the system administrators responsible for a given domain. They always store the most recent information about a domain. `Non-authoritative` servers are servers or resolvers that store DNS information about external domains without being managed by the owners of a domain. They may thus provide answers that are out of date. From a security point of view, the `authoritative` bit is not an absolute indication about the validity of an answer. Securing the Domain Name System is a complex problem that was only addressed satisfactorily recently by the utilization of cryptographic signatures in the DNSSEC extensions to DNS described in :rfc:`4033`. 945/10000 · 945
9 ../../bibliography.rst:15
	English ↹ ↵ NBS … “ ” ‘ ’ ﹙-﹚ ‐ – — IEEE, Std 802-2001 : IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks: Overview and Architecture, Available from http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/download/802-2001.pdf 177/10000 · 177
9 ../../principles/reliability.rst:41
	English ↹ ↵ NBS … “ ” ‘ ’ ﹙-﹚ ‐ – — These physical media can be used to exchange information once this information has been converted into a suitable electrical signal. Entire telecommunication courses and textbooks are devoted to the problem of converting analog or digital information into an electrical signal so that it can be transmitted over a given physical `link`. In this book, we only consider two very simple schemes that allow to transmit information over an electrical cable. This enables us to highlight the key problems when transmitting information over a physical link. We are only interested in techniques that allow transmitting digital information through the wire. Here, we will focus on the transmission of bits, i.e. either `0` or `1`. 722/10000 · 722
10 ../../exercises/ex-sharing.rst:175
	English ↹ ↵ NBS … “ ” ‘ ’ ﹙-﹚ ‐ – — Same question as above, but now assume that the retransmission timer of each host is set to 50 microseconds. 108/10000 · 108
10 ../../index.rst:173
	English ↹ ↵ NBS … “ ” ‘ ’ ﹙-﹚ ‐ – — Indices and tables 18/10000 · 18
10 ../../exercises/sockets.rst:108
	English ↹ ↵ NBS … “ ” ‘ ’ ﹙-﹚ ‐ – — Sending data to a peer using a socket 37/10000 · 37
10 ../../principles/naming.rst:56
	English ↹ ↵ NBS … “ ” ‘ ’ ﹙-﹚ ‐ – — The syntax of the domain names has been defined more precisely in :rfc:`1035`. This document recommends the following :term:`BNF` for fully qualified domain names (the domain names themselves have a much richer syntax). 219/10000 · 219
10 ../../principles/network.rst:80
	English ↹ ↵ NBS … “ ” ‘ ’ ﹙-﹚ ‐ – — This network contains two types of devices. The hosts, represented with circles and the routers, represented as boxes. A host is a device which is able to send and receive data for its own usage in contrast with routers that most of the time simply forward data towards their final destination. Routers have multiple links to neighboring routers or hosts. Hosts are usually attached via a single link to the network. Nowadays, with the growth of wireless networks, more and more hosts are equipped with several physical interfaces. These hosts are often called `multihomed`. Still, using several interfaces at the same time often leads to practical issues that are beyond the scope of this document. For this reason, we only consider `single-homed` hosts in this e-book. 770/10000 · 770
10 ../../principles/reliability.rst:44 • ../../principles/reliability.rst:49
	English ↹ ↵ NBS … “ ” ‘ ’ ﹙-﹚ ‐ – — Bit rate 8/10000 · 8
10 ../../exercises/network.rst:101
	English ↹ ↵ NBS … “ ” ‘ ’ ﹙-﹚ ‐ – — The Abilene network 19/10000 · 19
10 ../../glossary.rst:256
	English ↹ ↵ NBS … “ ” ‘ ’ ﹙-﹚ ‐ – — ARP 3/10000 · 3
10 ../../exercises/transport.rst:66
	English ↹ ↵ NBS … “ ” ‘ ’ ﹙-﹚ ‐ – — Consider a reliable connection-oriented transport protocol that provides the bytestream service. In this transport protocol, the sequence number that is placed inside each DATA segment reflects the position of the bytes in the bytestream. Considering the connection shown below, provide the DATA segments that are sent by `Host A` in response to the `DATA.request`, assuming that one segment is sent for each `DATA.request`. 424/10000 · 424