cnp3-ebook - English @ Weblate

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9 ../../protocols/tls.rst:43

	English POP3 4/10000 · 4
9 ../../protocols/transport-service.rst:20

	English On the Internet, the `port number` is an integer and the `host` is identified by its network address. There are two types of Internet addresses : 145/10000 · 145
9 ../../protocols/udp.rst:49

	English UDP Header Format 17/10000 · 17
9 ../../protocols/wifi.rst:19

	English Max bandwidth 13/10000 · 13
9 ../../protocols/dns.rst:35

	English The `AA` bit is set when the server that sent the response has `authority` for the domain name found in the question section. In the original DNS deployments, two types of servers were considered : `authoritative` servers and `non-authoritative` servers. The `authoritative` servers are managed by the system administrators responsible for a given domain. They always store the most recent information about a domain. `Non-authoritative` servers are servers or resolvers that store DNS information about external domains without being managed by the owners of a domain. They may thus provide answers that are out of date. From a security point of view, the `authoritative` bit is not an absolute indication about the validity of an answer. Securing the Domain Name System is a complex problem that was only addressed satisfactorily recently by the utilization of cryptographic signatures in the DNSSEC extensions to DNS described in :rfc:`4033`. 945/10000 · 945
9 ../../bibliography.rst:15

	English IEEE, Std 802-2001 : IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks: Overview and Architecture, Available from http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/download/802-2001.pdf 177/10000 · 177
9 ../../principles/reliability.rst:41

	English These physical media can be used to exchange information once this information has been converted into a suitable electrical signal. Entire telecommunication courses and textbooks are devoted to the problem of converting analog or digital information into an electrical signal so that it can be transmitted over a given physical `link`. In this book, we only consider two very simple schemes that allow to transmit information over an electrical cable. This enables us to highlight the key problems when transmitting information over a physical link. We are only interested in techniques that allow transmitting digital information through the wire. Here, we will focus on the transmission of bits, i.e. either `0` or `1`. 722/10000 · 722
10 ../../exercises/ex-sharing.rst:175

	English Same question as above, but now assume that the retransmission timer of each host is set to 50 microseconds. 108/10000 · 108
10 ../../index.rst:173

	English Indices and tables 18/10000 · 18
10 ../../exercises/sockets.rst:108

	English Sending data to a peer using a socket 37/10000 · 37
10 ../../principles/naming.rst:56

	English The syntax of the domain names has been defined more precisely in :rfc:`1035`. This document recommends the following :term:`BNF` for fully qualified domain names (the domain names themselves have a much richer syntax). 219/10000 · 219
10 ../../principles/network.rst:80

	English This network contains two types of devices. The hosts, represented with circles and the routers, represented as boxes. A host is a device which is able to send and receive data for its own usage in contrast with routers that most of the time simply forward data towards their final destination. Routers have multiple links to neighboring routers or hosts. Hosts are usually attached via a single link to the network. Nowadays, with the growth of wireless networks, more and more hosts are equipped with several physical interfaces. These hosts are often called `multihomed`. Still, using several interfaces at the same time often leads to practical issues that are beyond the scope of this document. For this reason, we only consider `single-homed` hosts in this e-book. 770/10000 · 770
10 ../../principles/reliability.rst:44 • ../../principles/reliability.rst:49

	English Bit rate 8/10000 · 8
10 ../../exercises/network.rst:101

	English The Abilene network 19/10000 · 19
10 ../../glossary.rst:256

	English ARP 3/10000 · 3
10 ../../exercises/transport.rst:66

	English Consider a reliable connection-oriented transport protocol that provides the bytestream service. In this transport protocol, the sequence number that is placed inside each DATA segment reflects the position of the bytes in the bytestream. Considering the connection shown below, provide the DATA segments that are sent by `Host A` in response to the `DATA.request`, assuming that one segment is sent for each `DATA.request`. 424/10000 · 424
10 ../../principles/referencemodels.rst:51

	English the Physical layer may deliver `more` bits to the receiver than the bits sent by the sender 91/10000 · 91
10 ../../principles/sharing.rst:111

	English Sharing bandwidth 17/10000 · 17
10 ../../principles/transport.rst:46

	English Alice : `What time is it ?` 27/10000 · 27
10 ../../protocols/dns.rst:39

	English The `RD` (recursion desired) bit is set by a client when it sends a query to a resolver. Such a query is said to be `recursive` because the resolver will recursively traverse the DNS hierarchy to retrieve the answer on behalf of the client. In the past, all resolvers were configured to perform recursive queries on behalf of any Internet host. However, this exposes the resolvers to several security risks. The simplest one is that the resolver could become overloaded by having too many recursive queries to process. Most resolvers [#f8888]_ only allow recursive queries from clients belonging to their company or network and discard all other recursive queries. The `RA` bit indicates whether the server supports recursion. The `RCODE` is used to distinguish between different types of errors. See :rfc:`1035` for additional details. The last four fields indicate the size of the `Question`, `Answer`, `Authority` and `Additional` sections of the DNS message. 962/10000 · 962

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