cnp3-ebook - English @ Weblate

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2 ../../principles/naming.rst:11

	English The network and the transport layers rely on addresses that are encoded as fixed size bit strings. A network layer address uniquely identifies a host. Several transport layer entities can use the service of the same network layer. For example, a reliable transport protocol and a connectionless transport protocol can coexist on the same host. In this case, the network layer multiplexes the segments produced by these two protocols. This multiplexing is usually achieved by placing in the network packet header a field that indicates which transport protocol should process the segment. Given that there are few different transport protocols, this field does not need to be long. The port numbers play a similar role in the transport layer since they enable it to multiplex data from several application processes. 815/10000 · 815
2 ../../exercises/intro.rst:8

	English This section gathers a series of open questions that have been designed to enable the students to improve their understanding of the topics presented in the e-book. These open questions typically contain a small problem that needs to be solved by the student. They are designed so that they can lead to discussions with teaching assistants. 340/10000 · 340
2 ../../principles/network.rst:10

	English This is an unpolished draft of the third edition of this e-book. If you find any error or have suggestions to improve the text, please create an issue via https://github.com/CNP3/ebook/issues?milestone=2 or help us by providing pull requests to close the existing issues. 271/10000 · 271
2 ../../bibliography.rst:7

	English Whenever possible, the bibliography includes stable hypertext links to the references cited. 92/10000 · 92
2 ../../exercises/reliability.rst:11

	English Open questions 14/10000 · 14
2 ../../glossary.rst:308

	English address 7/10000 · 7
2 ../../exercises/transport.rst:10

	English This is an unpolished draft of the third edition of this e-book. If you find any error or have suggestions to improve the text, please create an issue via https://github.com/CNP3/ebook/issues?milestone=3 or help us by providing pull requests to close the existing issues. 271/10000 · 271
2 ../../principles/referencemodels.rst:12

	English The reference models 20/10000 · 20
2 ../../principles/reliability.rst:14

	English This is an unpolished draft of the third edition of this e-book. If you find any error or have suggestions to improve the text, please create an issue via https://github.com/CNP3/ebook/issues?milestone=1 or help us by providing pull requests to close the existing issues. 271/10000 · 271
2 ../../principles/sharing.rst:14

	English Sharing resources 17/10000 · 17
2 ../../principles/transport.rst:10

	English Applications 12/10000 · 12
2 ../../principles/security.rst:10

	English In the early days, data networks were mainly used by researchers and security was not a concern. A few users were connected and capable of using the network. Almost all the devices attached to the network were openly accessible and users were trusted. As the utilization of the networks grew, security concerns started to appear. In universities, researchers and professors did not always trust their students and required some forms of access control. On standalone computers, the common access control mechanism is the password. A `username` is assigned to each user and when this user wants to access the computer, he or she needs to provide his/her `username` and his/her `password`. Most passwords are composed of a sequence of characters. The strength of the password is function of the difficulty of guessing the characters chosen by each user. Various guidelines have been defined on how to select a good password [#fpasswords]_. Some systems require regular modifications of the passwords chosen by their users. 1022/10000 · 1022
2 ../../exercises/dns.rst:11

	English This is an unpolished draft of the third edition of this e-book. If you find any error or have suggestions to improve the text, please create an issue via https://github.com/CNP3/ebook/issues?milestone=5 or help us by providing pull requests to close the existing issues. 271/10000 · 271
2 ../../exercises/email.rst:7

	English Many Internet protocols are ASCII_-based protocols where the client sends requests as one line of ASCII_ text terminated by `CRLF` and the server replies with one of more lines of ASCII_ text. Using such ASCII_ messages has several advantages compared to protocols that rely on binary encoded messages 301/10000 · 301
2 ../../exercises/http.rst:8

	English An important difference between HTTP/1.0, HTTP/1.1 and HTTP/2.0 is their utilization of the underlying transport connections. Answer the three questions below to confirm that you understand the difference between these versions of the HTTP protocol. 249/10000 · 249
2 ../../exercises/ipv6.rst:9

	English Basic questions on IPv6 Networks 32/10000 · 32
2 ../../exercises/lan.rst:18

	English Exercises 9/10000 · 9
2 ../../exercises/routing-policies.rst:9

	English Exercises 9/10000 · 9
2 ../../exercises/routing-protocols.rst:9

	English Routing protocols play a key role in the Internet since they ensure that all the routers have valid routing tables. In this section, we use IPMininet_ to explore how intradomain and interdomain routing protocols work in practice. IPMininet_ adds an abstraction layer above the actual configuration of the FRRouting daemons that implement these routing protocols. 362/10000 · 362
2 ../../exercises/tcp-2.rst:10

	English In this series of exercises, you will explore in more details the operation of TCP and its congestion control scheme. TCP is a very important protocol in today's Internet since most applications use it to exchange data. We first look at TCP in more details by injecting segments in the Linux TCP stack and analyze how the stack reacts. Then we study the TCP congestion control scheme. 384/10000 · 384

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