2. cnp3-ebook
3. English
4. Zen

3 ../../index.rst:19
	English ↹ ↵ NBS … “ ” ‘ ’ ﹙-﹚ ‐ – — The development of this edition of the textbook is carried out on `https://github.com/CNP3/ebook <https://github.com/CNP3/ebook>`_ 130/10000 · 130
3 ../../principles/naming.rst:13
	English ↹ ↵ NBS … “ ” ‘ ’ ﹙-﹚ ‐ – — While addresses are natural for the network and transport layer entities, humans prefer to use names when interacting with network services. Names can be encoded as a character string and a mapping services allows applications to map a name into the corresponding address. Using names is friendlier for humans, but it also provides a level of indirection which is very useful in many situations. 395/10000 · 395
3 ../../exercises/intro.rst:10
	English ↹ ↵ NBS … “ ” ‘ ’ ﹙-﹚ ‐ – — Several `Multiple Choice Questions` and simple exercises are included in the main text and supported by the https://inginious.org platform. 139/10000 · 139
3 ../../principles/network.rst:13
	English ↹ ↵ NBS … “ ” ‘ ’ ﹙-﹚ ‐ – — In the previous section, we have explained how reliable protocols allow hosts to exchange data reliably even if the underlying physical layer is imperfect and thus unreliable. Connecting two hosts together through a wire is the first step to build a network. However, this is not sufficient. Hosts usually need to interact with other hosts that are not directly connected through a direct physical layer link. This can be achieved by adding one layer above the datalink layer: the `network` layer. 497/10000 · 497
3 ../../bibliography.rst:9
	English ↹ ↵ NBS … “ ” ‘ ’ ﹙-﹚ ‐ – — LAN/MAN Standards Committee of the IEEE Computer Society. `IEEE Standard for Information Technology - Telecommunications and information exchange between systems - local and metropolitan area networks - specific requirements - Part 11 : Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications <http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/802.11.html>`_. IEEE, 1999. 384/10000 · 384
3 ../../glossary.rst:310
	English ↹ ↵ NBS … “ ” ‘ ’ ﹙-﹚ ‐ – — A string of bits that identifies a network interface in the network layer or the datalink layer. Most addresses have a fixed length, e.g. 32 bits for :term:`IPv4`, 128 bits for :term:`IPv6` or 48 bits for :term:`Ethernet` and other related Local Area Networks. 260/10000 · 260
3 ../../principles/referencemodels.rst:14
	English ↹ ↵ NBS … “ ” ‘ ’ ﹙-﹚ ‐ – — Given the growing complexity of computer networks, during the 1970s network researchers proposed various reference models to facilitate the description of network protocols and services. Of these, the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model [Zimmermann80]_ was probably the most influential. It served as the basis for the standardization work performed within the :term:`ISO` to develop global computer network standards. The reference model that we use in this book can be considered as a simplified version of the OSI reference model [#fiso-tcp]_. 551/10000 · 551
3 ../../principles/reliability.rst:17
	English ↹ ↵ NBS … “ ” ‘ ’ ﹙-﹚ ‐ – — The first step when building a network, even a worldwide network such as the Internet, is to connect two hosts together. This is illustrated in the figure below. 161/10000 · 161
3 ../../principles/sharing.rst:16
	English ↹ ↵ NBS … “ ” ‘ ’ ﹙-﹚ ‐ – — A network is designed to support a potentially large number of users that exchange information with each other. These users produce and consume information which is exchanged through the network. To support its users, a network uses several types of resources. It is important to keep in mind the different resources that are shared inside the network. 352/10000 · 352
3 ../../principles/security.rst:12
	English ↹ ↵ NBS … “ ” ‘ ’ ﹙-﹚ ‐ – — When the first computers were attached to data networks, applications were developed to enable them to access to remote computers through the network. To authenticate the remote users, these applications have also relied on usernames and passwords. When a user connects to a distant computer, she sends her username through the network and then provides her password to confirm her `identity`. This authentication scheme is presented in the time sequence diagram below. 469/10000 · 469
3 ../../exercises/dns.rst:15
	English ↹ ↵ NBS … “ ” ‘ ’ ﹙-﹚ ‐ – — The DNS 7/10000 · 7
3 ../../exercises/email.rst:9
	English ↹ ↵ NBS … “ ” ‘ ’ ﹙-﹚ ‐ – — the messages exchanged by the client and the server can be easily understood by a developer or network engineer by simply reading the messages 142/10000 · 142
3 ../../exercises/http.rst:17
	English ↹ ↵ NBS … “ ” ‘ ’ ﹙-﹚ ‐ – — System administrators who are responsible for web servers often want to monitor these servers and check that they are running correctly. As a HTTP server uses TCP on port 80, the simplest solution is to open a TCP connection on port 80 and check that the TCP connection is accepted by the remote host. However, as HTTP/1.x is an ASCII-based protocol, it is also very easy to write a small script that downloads a web page on the server and compares its content with the expected one. Use `telnet` or `ncat` to verify that a web server is running on host `www.computer-networking.info` [#fhttp]_. 595/10000 · 595
3 ../../exercises/ipv6.rst:11
	English ↹ ↵ NBS … “ ” ‘ ’ ﹙-﹚ ‐ – — Before starting to determine the paths that packets will follow in an IPv6 network, it is important to remember how to convert IPv6 addresses in binary numbers. 160/10000 · 160
3 ../../exercises/lan.rst:20
	English ↹ ↵ NBS … “ ” ‘ ’ ﹙-﹚ ‐ – — Consider the switched network shown in Fig. 1. What is the spanning tree that will be computed by 802.1d in this network assuming that all links have a unit cost ? Indicate the state of each port. 196/10000 · 196
3 ../../exercises/routing-policies.rst:24
	English ↹ ↵ NBS … “ ” ‘ ’ ﹙-﹚ ‐ – — Consider the interdomain topology shown in the figure below. 60/10000 · 60
3 ../../exercises/routing-protocols.rst:13
	English ↹ ↵ NBS … “ ” ‘ ’ ﹙-﹚ ‐ – — Exploring OSPF 14/10000 · 14
3 ../../exercises/tcp-2.rst:14
	English ↹ ↵ NBS … “ ” ‘ ’ ﹙-﹚ ‐ – — Injecting segments in the Linux TCP stack 41/10000 · 41
3 ../../exercises/tcp.rst:25
	English ↹ ↵ NBS … “ ” ‘ ’ ﹙-﹚ ‐ – — Once the connection is established, the client and the server can exchange data and acknowledgments. 100/10000 · 100
3 ../../exercises/tls.rst:15
	English ↹ ↵ NBS … “ ” ‘ ’ ﹙-﹚ ‐ – — Fortunately, telnet is rarely used without TLS these days and system administrators usually prefer to deploy more secure protocols such as ``ssh``. 147/10000 · 147