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../../protocols/ipv6.rst:124
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An IPv6 prefix can be represented as `address/length`, where `length` is the length of the prefix in bits. For example, the three notations below correspond to the same IPv6 prefix :
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../../protocols/ethernet.rst:113
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The second physical layer was 10Base2. This physical layer used a thin coaxial cable that was easier to install than the 10Base5 cable, but could not be longer than 185 meters. A 10BaseF physical layer was also defined to transport Ethernet over point-to-point optical links. The major change to the physical layer was the support of twisted pairs in the 10BaseT specification. Twisted pair cables are traditionally used to support the telephone service in office buildings. Most office buildings today are equipped with structured cabling. Several twisted pair cables are installed between any room and a central telecom closet per building or per floor in large buildings. These telecom closets act as concentration points for the telephone service but also for LANs.
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../../protocols/routing.rst:104
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`2001:db8:aaaa:0000::/63` at a distance of `2` from `RA`
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../../protocols/rpc.rst:121
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`message`: a string (limited to one sentence) that provides a short description of the error.
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../../protocols/ssh.rst:260
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HMAC uses two padding strings : `ipad` (resp. `opad`) which is a string containing 20 times byte ``0x36`` (resp. byte ``0x5C``). The HMAC is then computed as :math:`H[K \oplus opad, H(K \oplus ipad, data) ]` where :math:`\oplus` denotes the bitwise XOR operation. This computation has been shown to be stronger than the naive :math:`H(K,data)` against some types of cryptographic attacks.
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../../protocols/tcp.rst:114
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the `sequence number` set to the current value of the 32 bits counter of the client host's TCP entity
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../../protocols/tls.rst:147
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`Protocol version number`: this is the version of the TLS protocol supported by the client. The server should use the same version of the TLS protocol as the client, but may opt for an older version. Both versions 1.2 and 1.3 of TLS are deployed today. Older versions are being deprecated.
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../../protocols/wifi.rst:47
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Most WiFi networks are `infrastructure` networks. An `infrastructure` network contains one or more `access points` that are attached to a fixed Local Area Network (usually an Ethernet network) that is connected to other networks such as the Internet. The figure below shows such a network with two access points and four WiFi devices. Each WiFi device is associated to one access point and uses this access point as a relay to exchange frames with the devices that are associated to another access point or reachable through the LAN.
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../../bibliography.rst:114
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Eng Keong Lua, Crowcroft, J., Pias, M., Sharma, R., Lim, S., `A survey and comparison of peer-to-peer overlay network schemes <https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2005.1610546>`_, Communications Surveys & Tutorials, IEEE, Volume: 7 , Issue: 2, 2005, pp. 72-93
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../../glossary.rst:150
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EGP
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../../exercises/ex-sharing.rst:639
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In a deployed CSMA/CD network, would it be possible to increase or decrease the duration of the slotTime ? Justify your answer
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../../exercises/reliability.rst:79
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one frame
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../../exercises/network.rst:332
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Let us now consider the transient problems that mainly happen when the network topology changes. For this, consider the network topology shown in the figure below and assume that all routers use a distance vector protocol that uses split horizon.
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../../exercises/sockets.rst:288
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The port number identifying the program running on the computer
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../../principles/naming.rst:148
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A copy of the information maintained by each root nameserver is available at http://www.internic.net/zones/root.zone
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../../principles/referencemodels.rst:137
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the Transport layer
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../../principles/reliability.rst:154
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the `Physical layer service` may deliver `fewer` bits to the receiver than the bits sent by the sender
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../../principles/transport.rst:74
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The :term:`ASCII` characters are encoded as a seven bits field, but transmitted as an eight-bits byte whose high order bit is usually set to `0`. Bytes are always transmitted starting from the high order or most significant bit.
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../../principles/sharing.rst:163
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Let us first explore which mechanisms can be used inside a network to control congestion and how these mechanisms can influence the behavior of the end hosts.
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../../exercises/ipv6.rst:350
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on router ``R2``
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