Exit Zen
69
../../protocols/ethernet.rst:316
English
The `Spanning Tree Protocol` (STP), proposed in [Perlman1985]_, is a distributed protocol that is used by switches to reduce the network topology to a spanning tree, so that there are no cycles in the topology. For example, consider the network shown in the figure below. In this figure, each bold line corresponds to an Ethernet to which two Ethernet switches are attached. This network contains several cycles that must be broken to allow Ethernet switches, using the MAC address learning algorithm, to exchange frames.
0/5210 · 521
69
../../protocols/http.rst:336
English
The client sends a second request for the style sheet of the retrieved web page.
0/800 · 80
69
../../protocols/ipv6.rst:236
English
``0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1`` (``::1`` in compact form) is the IPv6 loopback address. This is the address of a logical interface that is always up and running on IPv6 enabled hosts.
0/1710 · 171
69
../../protocols/ethernet.rst:207
English
Ethernet Switches
0/170 · 17
69
../../protocols/tcp.rst:227
English
the last bytes are specific for each type of option
0/510 · 51
69
../../protocols/tls.rst:379
English
Improving TLS
0/130 · 13
70
../../glossary.rst:162
English
IGRP
0/100 · 4
70
../../principles/network.rst:325
English
The packet is too large and router `R1` cannot forward it to router `R2`. It rejects the packet and sends a control packet back to the source (host `A`) to indicate that it cannot forward packets longer than 500 bytes (minus the packet header). The source could react to this control packet by retransmitting the information in smaller packets.
0/3440 · 344
70
../../principles/reliability.rst:246
English
`NUL`: `0000000` b
0/180 · 18
70
../../principles/transport.rst:231
English
The `connectionless service` that we have described earlier is frequently used by users who need to exchange small SDUs. It can be easily built on top of the connectionless network layer service that we have described earlier. Users needing to either send or receive several different and potentially large SDUs, or who need structured exchanges often prefer the `connection-oriented service`.
0/3930 · 393
70
../../principles/sharing.rst:283
English
Limited resources need to be shared in other environments than Local Area Networks. Since the first radio transmissions by `Marconi <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi>`_ more than one century ago, many applications that exchange information through radio signals have been developed. Each radio signal is an electromagnetic wave whose power is centered around a given frequency. The radio spectrum corresponds to frequencies ranging between roughly 3 KHz and 300 GHz. Frequency allocation plans negotiated among governments reserve most frequency ranges for specific applications such as broadcast radio, broadcast television, mobile communications, aeronautical radio navigation, amateur radio, satellite, etc. Each frequency range is then subdivided into channels and each channel can be reserved for a given application, e.g. a radio broadcaster in a given region.
0/8800 · 880
70
../../principles/security.rst:850
English
his/her public key
0/180 · 18
70
../../exercises/ipv6.rst:631
English
The same can be done for the three links between the different routers.
0/710 · 71
70
../../exercises/routing-protocols.rst:989
English
Exercises
0/100 · 9
70
../../exercises/tcp-2.rst:891
English
These states are defined in https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/master/include/net/tcp_states.h
0/980 · 98
70
../../protocols/bgp.rst:287
English
Once the `R2-R3` has been established, `R3` sends `U(2001:db8:acbd::/48,2001:db8::2,AS30)`. `R2` announces on the `R2-R3` session all the routes inside its RIB. It thus sends to `R3` : `U(2001:db8:1234::/48,2001:db8::1,AS20:AS10)` and `U(2001:db8:5678::/48,2001:db8::1,AS20)`. Note that when `R2` advertises the route that it learned from `R1`, it updates the BGP nexthop and adds its AS number to the AS-Path. `R2` also sends `U(2001:db8:abcd::48,2001:db8::6,AS20:AS30)` to `R1` on the `R1-R3` session. At this point, all BGP routes have been exchanged and all routers can reach `2001:db8::1234/48`, `2001:db8:5678::/48` and `2001:db8:abcd::/48`.
0/6470 · 647
70
../../protocols/email.rst:236
English
36
0/100 · 2
70
../../protocols/ethernet.rst:324
English
Spanning tree computed in a switched Ethernet network
0/530 · 53
70
../../protocols/http.rst:347
English
The server replies with the requested style sheet and maintains the persistent connection. Note that the server only accepts 99 remaining HTTP requests over this persistent connection.
0/1840 · 184
70
../../protocols/ipv6.rst:237
English
``0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0`` (``::`` in compact form) is the unspecified IPv6 address. This is the IPv6 address that a host can use as source address when trying to acquire an official address.
0/1840 · 184