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../../exercises/network.rst:132 • ../../exercises/network.rst:154 • ../../exercises/network.rst:184 • ../../exercises/network.rst:216
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Consider the network shown in the figure below.
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../../exercises/transport.rst:137
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In the transport layer, the receive window advertised by a receiver can vary during the lifetime of the connection. What are the causes for these variations ?
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../../principles/naming.rst:107
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A :term:`nameserver` that is responsible for domain `dom` can directly answer the following queries :
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../../principles/referencemodels.rst:73
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The `Datalink layer` allows directly connected hosts to exchange information, but it is often necessary to exchange information between hosts that are not attached to the same physical medium. This is the task of the `network layer`. The `network layer` is built above the `datalink layer`. Network layer entities exchange `packets`. A `packet` is a finite sequence of bytes that is transported by the datalink layer inside one or more frames. A packet usually contains information about its origin and its destination, and usually passes through several intermediate devices called routers on its way from its origin to its destination.
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../../principles/network.rst:79
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`virtual circuits`
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../../principles/reliability.rst:53
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1 Gbps
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../../principles/transport.rst:44
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Trudy : `1234`
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../../protocols/dns.rst:61
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Query for the `AAAA` record of `www.ietf.org`
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../../exercises/reliability.rst:40
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when there are no losses
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../../exercises/network.rst:152
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Assuming that the network uses source routing, what are the possible paths from `R1` to `R4` ?
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../../exercises/sockets.rst:144
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The following program binds its socket to a given socket address and then waits for receiving new bytes, using the already created socket ``sock``.
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../../exercises/transport.rst:139
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A reliable connection-oriented protocol can provide a message-mode service or a byte stream service. Which of the following usages of the sequence numbers is the best suited for each of these services ?
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../../principles/naming.rst:109
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the address of any host residing directly inside domain `dom` (e.g. `h2.dom` in the figure above)
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../../principles/network.rst:83
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The datagram organization
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../../principles/reliability.rst:53
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:math:`10^9`
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../../protocols/dns.rst:63
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This answer contains several pieces of information. First, the name `www.ietf.org` is associated to IP address `2001:1890:123a::1:1e`. Second, the `ietf.org` domain is managed by six different nameservers. Five of these nameservers are reachable via IPv4 and IPv6.
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../../exercises/network.rst:176
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The network operator uses would like to have the following paths in this network :
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../../exercises/sockets.rst:173
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Depending on the socket address family, the operating system might implicitly assign an address to an unbound socket upon a call to ``write``, ``send`` or ``sendto``. While this is a useful behavior, describing it precisely is out of the scope of this section.
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../../exercises/transport.rst:141
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DATA segments contain a sequence number that is incremented for each byte transmitted
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../../principles/naming.rst:110
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the nameserver(s) that are responsible for any direct sub-domain of domain `dom` (i.e. `sdom1.dom` and `sdom2.dom` in the figure above, but not `z.sdom1.dom`)
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