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../../exercises/ipv6.rst:615
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``2001:db8:1341:1::/64`` on the link between ``b`` and ``r3``
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../../exercises/routing-protocols.rst:930
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Without a BGP session between ``AS2`` and ``AS3``, there are reachability problems in this simple Internet.
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../../exercises/tcp-2.rst:887
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The `Push` flag is one of the TCP flags defined in :rfc:`793`. TCP stacks usually set this flag when transmitting a segment that empties the send buffer. This is the reason why we observe this push flag in our example.
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../../protocols/bgp.rst:283
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the attributes including the AS-Path
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../../protocols/email.rst:236
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../../protocols/ethernet.rst:314
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The Spanning Tree Protocol (802.1d)
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../../protocols/http.rst:321
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The server replies with the `Connection: Keep-Alive` header and indicates that it accepts a maximum of 100 HTTP requests over this connection and that it will close the connection if it remains idle for 15 seconds.
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../../protocols/ipv6.rst:234
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Furthermore, the IETF has reserved some IPv6 addresses for a special usage. The two most important ones are :
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../../protocols/ethernet.rst:203
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Fortunately, IEEE was able to define the [IEEE802.3]_ frame format while maintaining backward compatibility with the Ethernet [DIX]_ frame format. The trick was to only assign values above 1500 as `EtherType` values. When a host receives a frame, it can determine whether the frame's format by checking its `EtherType/Length` field. A value lower smaller than `1501` is clearly a length indicator and thus an [IEEE802.3]_ frame. A value larger than `1501` can only be type and thus a [DIX]_ frame.
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../../protocols/tcp.rst:226
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the second byte indicates the total length of the option (including the first two bytes) in bytes
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../../protocols/tls.rst:363
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When secure protocols use Message Authentication and Encryption, they need to specify how these two algorithms are combined. A first solution, which is used by the current version of TLS, is to compute the authentication code and then encrypt both the data and the authentication code. A drawback of this approach is that the receiver of an encrypted TLS record must first attempt to decrypt data that has potentially been modified by an attacker before being able to verify the authenticity of the record. A better approach is for the sender to first encrypt the data and then compute the authentication code over the encrypted data. This is the encrypt-then-MAC approach proposed in :rfc:`7366`. With encrypt-then-MAC, the receiver first checks the authentication code before attempting to decrypt the record.
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../../glossary.rst:149
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Interior Gateway Protocol. Synonym of intradomain routing protocol
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../../exercises/network.rst:382
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After each update of a forwarding table, verify which pairs of routers are able to exchange packets. Provide your answer using a table similar to the one shown above.
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../../principles/network.rst:323
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Consider in the network above that host `A` wants to send a 900 bytes packet (870 bytes of payload and 30 bytes of header) to host `B` via router `R1`. Host `A` encapsulates this packet inside a single frame. The frame is received by router `R1` which extracts the packet. Router `R1` has three possible options to process this packet.
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../../principles/reliability.rst:244
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In addition, the :term:`ASCII` table also defines several non-printable or control characters. These characters were designed to allow an application to control a printer or a terminal. These control characters include `CR` and `LF`, that are used to terminate a line, and the `BEL` character which causes the terminal to emit a sound.
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../../principles/transport.rst:229
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The connectionless service
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../../principles/sharing.rst:279
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A first solution to share the available resources among all the devices attached to one Local Area Network is to define, `a priori`, the distribution of the transmission resources among the different devices. If `N` devices need to share the transmission capacities of a LAN operating at `b` Mbps, each device could be allocated a bandwidth of :math:`\frac{b}{N}` Mbps.
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../../principles/security.rst:849
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his/her identity
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../../exercises/ipv6.rst:617
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We can then manually configure the IPv6 addresses of each host/router on each link. Let us start with the links attached to the two hosts.
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../../exercises/routing-protocols.rst:941
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We can fix them by enabling again the BGP session with the `no neighbor 2001:cafe:2:23::3 shutdown` command.
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