Exit Zen
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../../glossary.rst:74
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an internet is an internetwork, i.e. a network composed of different networks. The :term:`Internet`, with a capital `I` corresponds to the global network that we use today, but other internetworks have been used in the path.
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../../principles/network.rst:343
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The first solution to the fragmentation problem presented above suggests the utilization of control packets to inform the source about the reception of a too long packet. This is only one of the functions that are performed by the control protocol in the network layer. Other functions include :
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../../principles/reliability.rst:260
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**1** **2** **3** **4**
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../../principles/security.rst:898
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A possible protocol would be the following. Alice sends :math:`Cert(Alice_{pub},Ted)`. This certificate provides Alice's identity and her public key. Bob replies with the certificate containing his own public key : :math:`Cert(Bob_{pub},Ted)`. At this point, they both know the other public key and could use it to send encrypted messages. Alice would send :math:`E_p(Bob_{pub},M1)` and Bob would send :math:`E_p(Alice_{pub},M2)`. In practice, using public key encryption techniques to encrypt a large number of messages is inefficient because these cryptosystems require a large number of computations. It is more efficient to use secret key cryptosystems for most of the data and only use a public key cryptosystem to encrypt the random secret keys that will be used by the secret key encryption scheme.
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../../exercises/ipv6.rst:700
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We start the network topology shown above with the ``sudo python script.py`` command. It launches the mininet_ interactive shell that provides several useful commands:
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../../exercises/routing-protocols.rst:1098
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What are the BGP messages that will be exchanged when the link between ``AS1`` and ``AS3`` fails ? How does this affect the reachability of the different hosts ?
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../../protocols/bgp.rst:306
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Besides the import and export filters, a key difference between BGP and the intradomain routing protocols is that each domain can define its own ranking algorithm to determine which route is chosen to forward packets when several routes have been learned towards the same prefix. This ranking depends on several BGP attributes that can be attached to a BGP route.
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../../protocols/email.rst:238
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l
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../../protocols/http.rst:440
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The HTTP cookies introduced by Netscape_ are key for large e-commerce websites. However, they have also raised many discussions concerning their `potential misuses <http://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/04/technology/04COOK.html>`_. Consider `ad.com`, a company that delivers lots of advertisements on web sites. A web site that wishes to include `ad.com`'s advertisements next to its content will add links to `ad.com` inside its HTML pages. If `ad.com` is used by many web sites, `ad.com` could be able to track the interests of all the users that visit its client websites and use this information to provide targeted advertisements. Privacy advocates have even `sued <http://epic.org/privacy/internet/cookies/>`_ online advertisement companies to force them to comply with the privacy regulations. More recent related technologies also raise `privacy concerns <http://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2009/09/new-cookie-technologies-harder-see-and-remove-wide>`_.
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../../protocols/ipv6.rst:316
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Among these addresses, some are well known. For example, all hosts automatically belong to the ``ff02::1`` multicast group while all routers automatically belong to the ``ff02::2`` multicast group. A detailed discussion of IPv6 multicast is outside the scope of this chapter.
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../../protocols/ethernet.rst:300
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Ethernet switches in a loop
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../../protocols/tcp.rst:249
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`sequence number`. TCP uses a 32 bits sequence number. The `sequence number` placed in the header of a TCP segment containing data is the sequence number of the first byte of the payload of the TCP segment.
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../../protocols/tls.rst:405
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improve the privacy of the protocol
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../../glossary.rst:304
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inverse query
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../../principles/network.rst:345
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sending a control packet back to the source if a packet is received by a router that does not have a valid entry in its forwarding table
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../../principles/reliability.rst:260
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`DLE STX` **1** **2** **3** **4** `DLE ETX`
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../../principles/transport.rst:409
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An abrupt connection release can also be triggered by one of the users. If a user needs, for any reason, to terminate a connection quickly, it can issue a `Disconnect.request` primitive and to request an abrupt release. The service provider will process the request, stop the two data streams and deliver the `Disconnect.indication` primitive to the remote user as soon as possible. As illustrated in the figure below, this abrupt connection release may cause losses of SDUs.
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../../principles/security.rst:913
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Key exchange
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../../exercises/ipv6.rst:732
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Some of the standard mininet commands assume the utilisation of IPv4 and do not have a direct IPv6 equivalent. Here are some useful commands.
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../../exercises/routing-protocols.rst:1128
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What are the BGP messages that will be exchanged when the link between ``AS1`` and ``AS5`` fails ? How does this affect the reachability of the different hosts ?
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