Exit Zen
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../../protocols/bgp.rst:369
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insert a low `local-pref` attribute in the routes learned from a provider
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../../protocols/email.rst:244 • ../../protocols/email.rst:246
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6
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../../protocols/ethernet.rst:368
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To determine the state of its other ports, the switch compares its own `BPDU` with the last `BPDU` received on each port. Note that the comparison is done by using the `BPDUs` and not the `root priority vectors`. If the switch's `BPDU` is better than the last `BPDU` of this port, the port becomes a `Designated` port. Otherwise, the port becomes a `Blocked` port.
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../../protocols/ipv6.rst:349
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For example, an IPv6 packet that contains an TCP segment would appear as shown in the figure below.
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../../protocols/ethernet.rst:353
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Bandwidth
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../../protocols/tcp.rst:270
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`sending buffer` : a buffer used to store all unacknowledged data
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../../glossary.rst:291
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An :term:`ISO` standard that defines codes to represent countries and their subdivisions. See http://www.iso.org/iso/country_codes.htm
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../../principles/network.rst:373 • ../../principles/network.rst:412 • ../../principles/network.rst:414 • ../../principles/network.rst:424 • ../../principles/network.rst:434 • ../../principles/network.rst:444
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../../principles/reliability.rst:336
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data frames carrying a SDU
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../../principles/transport.rst:542
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Interactions between the transport layer, its user, and its network layer provider
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../../principles/sharing.rst:443
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The worst collision on a shared bus
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../../principles/security.rst:978
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Bob chooses a secret integer and sends :math:`B=g^{b} \mod p` to Mallory
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../../exercises/ipv6.rst:898
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We can analyze this configuration problem in more details by using ``traceroute6``. The loop appears clearly.
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../../protocols/bgp.rst:371
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With such an import filter, the routers of a domain always prefer to reach destinations via their customers whenever such a route exists. Otherwise, they prefer to use `shared-cost` peering relationships and they only send packets via their providers when they do not know any alternate route. A consequence of setting the `local-pref` attribute like this is that Internet paths are often asymmetrical. Consider for example the internetwork shown in the figure below.
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../../protocols/email.rst:244
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G
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../../protocols/ethernet.rst:370
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The state of each port is important when considering the transmission of `BPDUs`. The root switch regularly sends its own `BPDU` over all of its (`Designated`) ports. This `BPDU` is received on the `Root` port of all the switches that are directly connected to the `root switch`. Each of these switches computes its own `BPDU` and sends this `BPDU` over all its `Designated` ports. These `BPDUs` are then received on the `Root` port of downstream switches, which then compute their own `BPDU`, etc. When the network topology is stable, switches send their own `BPDU` on all their `Designated` ports, once they receive a `BPDU` on their `Root` port. No `BPDU` is sent on a `Blocked` port. Switches listen for `BPDUs` on their `Blocked` and `Designated` ports, but no `BPDU` should be received over these ports when the topology is stable. The utilization of the ports for both `BPDUs` and data frames is summarized in the table below.
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../../protocols/ipv6.rst:354
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An IPv6 packet containing an TCP segment
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../../protocols/ethernet.rst:353
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Cost
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../../protocols/tcp.rst:271
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`receiving buffer` : a buffer to store all data received from the remote host that has not yet been delivered to the user. Data may be stored in the `receiving buffer` because either it was not received in sequence or because the user is too slow to process it
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../../glossary.rst:295
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ISP
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