Exit Zen
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../../protocols/email.rst:262
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../../protocols/ipv6.rst:538
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Destination Unreachable. Such an ICMPv6 message is sent when the destination address of a packet is unreachable. The code field of the ICMP header contains additional information about the type of unreachability. The following codes are specified in RFC 4443
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../../protocols/wifi.rst:26
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150 Mbps
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../../protocols/tcp.rst:529
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TCP selective acknowledgments
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../../glossary.rst:60
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segment
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../../principles/dv.rst:170
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:math:`[A=\infty,B=0,C=1,E=\infty]` to router `E`
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../../principles/reliability.rst:584
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The figure below illustrates the operation of the alternating bit protocol.
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../../principles/transport.rst:834
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For a discussion on how the sending buffer can change, see e.g. [SMM1998]_
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../../principles/sharing.rst:746
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no link in the network is congested
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../../protocols/email.rst:262
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../../protocols/ipv6.rst:536
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``0`` : No route to destination. This indicates that the router that sent the ICMPv6 message did not have a route towards the packet's destination
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../../protocols/tcp.rst:531
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A SACK option contains one or more blocks. A block corresponds to all the sequence numbers between the `left edge` and the `right edge` of the block. The two edges of the block are encoded as 32 bit numbers (the same size as the TCP sequence number) in an SACK option. As the SACK option contains one byte to encode its type and one byte for its length, a SACK option containing `b` blocks is encoded as a sequence of :math:`2+8 \times b` bytes. In practice, the size of the SACK option can be problematic as the optional TCP header extension cannot be longer than 40 bytes. As the SACK option is usually combined with the :rfc:`1323` timestamp extension, this implies that a TCP segment cannot usually contain more than three SACK blocks. This limitation implies that a TCP receiver cannot always place in the SACK option that it sends, information about all the received blocks.
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../../glossary.rst:62
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a segment is the unit of information transfer in the transport layer
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../../principles/dv.rst:172
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If, unfortunately, the distance vector sent to router `C` is lost due to a transmission error or because router `C` is overloaded, a new count to infinity problem can occur. If router `C` sends its distance vector :math:`[A=2,B=1,C=0,E=\infty]` to router `E`, this router installs a route of distance `3` to reach `A` via `C`. Router `E` sends its distance vectors :math:`[A=3,B=\infty,C=1,E=1]` to router `B` and :math:`[A=\infty,B=1,C=\infty,E=0]` to router `C`. This distance vector allows `B` to recover a route of distance `4` to reach `A`.
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../../principles/transport.rst:836
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Note that if the receive window shrinks, it might happen that the sender has already sent a segment that is not anymore inside its window. This segment will be discarded by the receiver and the sender will retransmit it later.
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../../principles/sharing.rst:747
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the rate allocated to source :math:`j` cannot be increased without decreasing the rate allocated to a source :math:`i` whose allocation is smaller than the rate allocated to source :math:`j` [Leboudec2008]_ .
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../../protocols/email.rst:262
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../../protocols/ipv6.rst:537
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``1`` : Communication with destination administratively prohibited. This indicates that a firewall has refused to forward the packet towards its final destination.
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../../protocols/wifi.rst:29
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When developing its family of standards, the `IEEE 802.11 working group <http://www.ieee802.org/11/>`_ took a similar approach as the `IEEE 802.3 working group <http://www.ieee802.org/3/>`_ that developed various types of physical layers for Ethernet networks. 802.11 networks use the CSMA/CA Medium Access Control technique described earlier and they all assume the same architecture and use the same frame format.
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