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../../protocols/http.rst:77
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The second part of the URI is the `authority`. With retrievable URIs, this includes the DNS name or the IP address of the server where the document can be retrieved using the protocol specified via the `scheme`. This name can be preceded by some information about the user (e.g. a user name) who is requesting the information. Earlier definitions of the URI allowed the specification of a user name and a password before the `@` character (:rfc:`1738`), but this is now deprecated as placing a password inside a URI is insecure. The host name can be followed by the semicolon character and a port number. A default port number is defined for some protocols and the port number should only be included in the URI if a non-default port number is used (for other protocols, techniques like service DNS records can used).
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../../protocols/http2.rst:79
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To understand the benefits of pipelining, let us consider a simple but illustrative example. A client needs to retrieve 5 web objects that are each 100 bytes. The underlying transport connection has a 1 Gbps bandwidth but a one-way delay of 100 msec. A normal HTTP/1.x client would send the first request, wait 200 msec to receive the answer, then send another request... It would need one entire second to retrieve the five web objects. This is illustrated in the figure below.
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../../protocols/ipv6.rst:93
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The IETF decided to pursue the development of IPng based on the SIPP proposal. As IP version `5` was already used by the experimental ST-2 protocol defined in :rfc:`1819`, the successor of IP version 4 is IP version 6. The initial IP version 6 defined in :rfc:`1752` was designed based on the following assumptions :
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../../protocols/ethernet.rst:5
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Ethernet
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../../protocols/routing.rst:56
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Format of the RIP IPv6 route entries
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../../protocols/rpc.rst:50
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In this representation, the first bit (`S`) is the sign (`0` represents positive). The next 11 bits represent the exponent of the number (`E`), in base 2, and the remaining 52 bits are the fractional part of the number (`F`). The floating point number that corresponds to this representation is :math:`(-1)^{S} \times 2^{E-1023} \times 1.F`. XDR also allows encoding complex data types. A first example is the string of bytes. A string of bytes is composed of two parts : a length (encoded as an integer) and a sequence of bytes. For performance reasons, the encoding of a string is aligned to 32 bits boundaries. This implies that some padding bytes may be inserted during the encoding operation is the length of the string is not a multiple of 4. The structure of the string is shown below (source :rfc:`1832`).
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../../protocols/ssh.rst:138
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the client generates the random number :math:`a` and sends :math:`A=g^{a} \mod p` to the server
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../../protocols/tcp.rst:41
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the port chosen by the client
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../../protocols/tls.rst:45
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119
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../../protocols/transport-service.rst:52
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`2001:db8:0:0:8:800:200c:417a`
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../../protocols/udp.rst:60
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the privileged port numbers (1 < port < 1024 )
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../../protocols/wifi.rst:23
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802.11a
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../../bibliography.rst:62
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Davik, F. Yilmaz, M. Gjessing, S. Uzun, N., `IEEE 802.17 resilient packet ring tutorial <https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.2004.1273782>`_, IEEE Communications Magazine, Mar 2004, Vol 42, N 3, p. 112-118
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../../glossary.rst:101
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The Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1) was designed by ISO and ITU-T. It is a standard and flexible notation that can be used to describe data structures for representing, encoding, transmitting, and decoding data between applications. It was designed to be used in the Presentation layer of the OSI reference model but is now used in other protocols such as :term:`SNMP`.
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../../exercises/ex-sharing.rst:345
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Consider the network below. Compute the max-min fair allocation for the hosts in this network assuming that nodes `Sx` always send traffic towards node `Dx`. Furthermore, link `R1-R2` has a bandwidth of 10 Mbps while link `R2-R3` has a bandwidth of 20 Mbps.
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../../principles/sharing.rst:66
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Fairness in computer networks
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../../principles/security.rst:245
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Cryptographic primitives
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../../exercises/dns.rst:52
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Use `dig` to send a query to one of these root servers to find the IPv6 address of the DNS server(s) (NS record) responsible for the `org` top-level domain
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../../exercises/http.rst:53
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This syllabus is now hosted on a web server using HTTPS (port 443) instead of HTTP (port 80).
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../../exercises/ipv6.rst:94
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Consider the same network as in the previous question, but now the forwarding tables of ``R2`` and ``R3`` are configured as shown below :
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