Exit Zen
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../../protocols/ssh.rst:87
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compression
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../../protocols/tcp.rst:35
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A TCP header contains the following fields :
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../../protocols/tls.rst:44
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IMAP
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../../protocols/transport-service.rst:25
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IPv4 addresses are usually represented by using a dotted decimal representation where each decimal number corresponds to one byte of the address, e.g. `203.0.113.56`. IPv6 addresses are usually represented as a set of hexadecimal numbers separated by semicolons, e.g. `2001:db8:3080:2:217:f2ff:fed6:65c0`. Today, most Internet hosts have one IPv4 address. A small fraction of them also have an IPv6 address. In the future, we can expect that more and more hosts will have IPv6 addresses and that some of them will not have an IPv4 address anymore. A host that only has an IPv4 address cannot communicate with a host having only an IPv6 address. The figure below illustrates two applications that are using the datagram service provided by UDP on hosts that are using IPv4 addresses.
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../../protocols/udp.rst:54
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a 16 bits destination port
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../../protocols/wifi.rst:22 • ../../protocols/wifi.rst:24 • ../../protocols/wifi.rst:25
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2.4 GHz
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../../bibliography.rst:40
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Chiu, D., Jain, R., `Analysis of the Increase and Decrease Algorithms for Congestion Avoidance in Computer Networks <https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-7552(89)90019-6>`_, Computer Networks and ISDN Systems Vol 17, pp 1-14, 1989
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../../glossary.rst:50
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The Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA) Network is a network that was built by network scientists in USA with funding from the ARPA of the US Ministry of Defense. ARPANET is considered as the grandfather of today's Internet.
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../../exercises/ex-sharing.rst:260
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CSMA/CD does not use acknowledgments but instead assumes that each host can detect collisions by listening while transmitting. Consider a 2 kilometers long cable running at 10 Mbps. Show in the figure below the utilization of the communication channel and the collisions that would occur. For this exercise, do not attempt to retransmit the frames that have collided.
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../../exercises/reliability.rst:33
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Each acknowledgment contains `c` bytes of control information
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../../exercises/network.rst:101
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Is it possible to configure the link weights so that the packets sent by the router located in `Los Angeles` to router located in `New York` follow one path while the packets sent by the router located in `New York` to the router located in `Los Angeles` follow a completely different path ?
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../../exercises/sockets.rst:120
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The first argument is the file descriptor of the socket that we use to perform the communication. ``buf`` is a buffer of length ``len`` containing the bytes to send to the peer. The usage of ``flags`` argument is out of the scope of this section and can be set to 0. ``dest_addr`` is the socket address of the destination to which we want to send the bytes, its length is passed using the ``addrlen`` argument.
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../../exercises/transport.rst:122
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A network layer service guarantees that a packet will never live during more than 100 seconds inside the network. Consider a reliable connection-oriented transport protocol that places a 32 bits sequence number inside each segment. What is the maximum rate (in segments per second) at which is should sent data segments to prevent having two segments with the same sequence number inside the network ?
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../../principles/naming.rst:75
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Some visually similar characters have different character codes
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../../principles/referencemodels.rst:54 • ../../principles/referencemodels.rst:65
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The Datalink layer
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../../principles/reliability.rst:51
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1 Kbps
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../../principles/transport.rst:33
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Alice : `Thank you`
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../../principles/sharing.rst:53
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A fifth physical organization of a network is the tree. Such networks are typically used when a large number of customers must be connected in a very cost-effective manner. Cable TV networks are often organized as trees.
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../../principles/security.rst:179
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As Mallory receives all the packets sent by both Bob and Alice, he can modify them at will. For example, he could modify the commands sent by Alice to the server managed by Bob and change the responses sent by the server. This type of attack is very powerful and sometimes difficult to counter without relying on advanced cryptographic techniques.
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../../exercises/dns.rst:43
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What are the nameservers that are responsible for the `info` top-level domain ? Is it possible to use IPv6 to query them ?
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