Exit Zen
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../../exercises/ex-sharing.rst:382
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To understand congestion control algorithms, it can also be useful to represent the exchange of packets by using a graphical representation. As a first example, let us consider a very simple network composed of two hosts interconnected through a switch.
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../../exercises/reliability.rst:40
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when there are no losses
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../../exercises/network.rst:152
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Assuming that the network uses source routing, what are the possible paths from `R1` to `R4` ?
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../../exercises/sockets.rst:144
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The following program binds its socket to a given socket address and then waits for receiving new bytes, using the already created socket ``sock``.
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../../exercises/transport.rst:139
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A reliable connection-oriented protocol can provide a message-mode service or a byte stream service. Which of the following usages of the sequence numbers is the best suited for each of these services ?
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../../principles/naming.rst:109
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the address of any host residing directly inside domain `dom` (e.g. `h2.dom` in the figure above)
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../../principles/network.rst:83
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The datagram organization
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../../principles/reliability.rst:53
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:math:`10^9`
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../../principles/transport.rst:45
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Bob : `This is the correct password, you're welcome`
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../../protocols/dns.rst:63
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This answer contains several pieces of information. First, the name `www.ietf.org` is associated to IP address `2001:1890:123a::1:1e`. Second, the `ietf.org` domain is managed by six different nameservers. Five of these nameservers are reachable via IPv4 and IPv6.
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../../principles/security.rst:247
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Cryptography techniques have initially been defined and used by spies and armies to exchange secret information in manner that ensures that adversaries cannot decode the information even if they capture the message or the person carrying the message. A wide range of techniques have been defined. The first techniques relied on their secrecy to operate. One of the first encryption schemes is attributed to Julius Caesar. When he sent confidential information to his generals, he would encode each message by replacing each letter with another letter that is :math:`n` positions after this letter in the alphabet. For example, the message `SECRET` becomes `VHFUHW` when encoded using Caesar's cipher. This technique could have puzzled some soldiers during Caesar's wars, but today even young kids can recover the original message from the ciphered one.
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../../exercises/dns.rst:53
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Use `dig` to send a query to one of these DNS servers to find the IP address of the DNS server(s) (NS record) responsible for `root-servers.org`
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../../exercises/http.rst:55
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The list of available language tags can be found at http://www.iana.org/assignments/language-subtag-registry. Versions in other formats are available at http://www.langtag.net/registries.html. Additional information about the support of multiple languages in Internet protocols may be found in rfc5646_.
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../../exercises/ipv6.rst:139
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In this network, select `all` the rules in the shown forwarding tables that ensure that the packets sent from ``A`` to ``B`` follow the reverse path of the packets sent by ``B`` to ``A``.
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../../exercises/lan.rst:140
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This network can be launched with the IPMininet_ script shown below. The entire script is available from :download:`/exercises/ipmininet_scripts/stp.py`.
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../../exercises/routing-policies.rst:163
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A simple network
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../../exercises/routing-protocols.rst:253
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This packet is updated when new information is added in the router's OSPFv3 database. A few seconds router, this router sends another Database description packet that announces more information.
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../../exercises/tcp-2.rst:98
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The third segment of the three-way handshake is sent by packetdrill_ after a delay of 0.1 seconds. The connection is now established and the accept system call will succeed.
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../../exercises/trace.rst:104
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Wireshark : flow graph
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../../protocols/bgp.rst:62
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Coming back to the figure above, `AS4` advertises to its two providers `AS1` and `AS2` its own prefixes and the routes learned from its customer, `AS7`. On the other hand, `AS4` advertises to `AS7` all the routes that it knows.
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