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../../protocols/congestion.rst:175
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The last point that needs to be discussed about Explicit Congestion Notification is the algorithm that is used by routers to detect congestion. On a router, congestion manifests itself by the number of packets that are stored inside the router buffers. As explained earlier, we need to distinguish between two types of routers :
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../../protocols/dnssec.rst:317
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If a resolver queries `delta.example.org`, the server will parse its zone. If this name were present, it would have been placed, in lexicographical order, between the `beta.example.org` and the `gamma.example.org` names. To confirm that the `delta.example.org` name does not exist, the server returns the `NSEC` record for `beta.example.org` that indicates that the next valid name after `beta.example.org` is `gamma.example.org`. If the server receives a query for `pi.example.org`, this is the `NSEC` record for `gamma.example.org` that will be returned. Since this record contains a name that is before `pi.example.org` in lexicographical order, this indicates that `pi.example.org` does not exist.
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../../protocols/email.rst:166
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Initially, email was used to exchange small messages of ASCII text between computer scientists. However, with the growth of the Internet, supporting only ASCII text became a severe limitation for two reasons. First of all, non-English speakers wanted to write emails in their native language that often required more characters than those of the ASCII character table. Second, many users wanted to send other content than just ASCII text by email such as binary files, images or sound.
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../../protocols/ethernet.rst:171
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10Base5
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../../protocols/http.rst:118
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an optional MIME document attached to the request
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../../protocols/http2.rst:195
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The length of the HTTP/2.0 frames obviously affects how different web objects can be multiplexed over the underlying transport connection. If HTTP/2.0 frames are long, the overhead of the frame header is minimal, but long frames can block short web objects. On the other hand, if the frame length is small, then the overhead due to the HTTP/2.0 frame header could become significant.
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../../protocols/ipv6.rst:114
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``2001:db8:0:0:8:800:200c:417a``
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../../protocols/ethernet.rst:89
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Ethernet 802.3 frame format
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../../protocols/routing.rst:92
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Hierarchical routing with OSPF
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../../protocols/rpc.rst:107
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The JSON-RPC is encoded as a JSON object. For example, the example below shows an invocation of a method called `sum` with `1` and `3` as parameters.
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../../protocols/ssh.rst:223
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``length`` : this is the length of the message in bytes, excluding the MAC and length fields
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../../protocols/tcp.rst:56
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the `Reserved` field was initially reserved for future utilization. It is now used by :rfc:`3168`.
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../../protocols/tls.rst:95
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When used to interact with a regular web server, the TLS handshake has three important objectives:
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../../protocols/udp.rst:94
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The complete list of allocated port numbers is maintained by IANA_ . It may be downloaded from http://www.iana.org/assignments/port-numbers
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../../protocols/wifi.rst:26
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2.4/5 GHz
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../../bibliography.rst:95
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Jain, R., `Congestion control in computer networks : Issues and trends <https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/65.56532>`_, IEEE Network Magazine, May 1990, pp. 24-30
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../../glossary.rst:285
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A synonym for a regular telephone line, i.e. a line that can be used to dial any telephone number.
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../../exercises/ex-sharing.rst:588
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Simple network topology
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../../principles/network.rst:112
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A path may lead to a `black hole`. In a network, a black hole is a router that receives packets for at least one given source/destination pair but does not have an entry inside its forwarding table for this destination. Since it does not know how to reach the destination, the router cannot forward the received packets and must discard them. Any centralized or distributed algorithm that computes forwarding tables must ensure that there are not black holes inside the network.
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../../principles/transport.rst:64
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`z` : `1111010b`
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