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../../protocols/rpc.rst:120
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`code`: a number that indicates the type of error. Several error codes are defined in [JSON-RPC2]_. For example, `-32700` indicates an error in parsing the request, `-32602` indicates invalid parameters and `-32601` indicates that the method could not be found on the server. Other error codes are listed in [JSON-RPC2]_.
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../../protocols/ssh.rst:248
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`ssh` is one example of a protocol that uses Message Authentication Codes (MAC) to authenticates the messages that are sent. A naive implementation of such a MAC would be to simply use a hash function like SHA-1. However, such a construction would not be safe from a security viewpoint. Internet protocols usually rely on the HMAC construction defined in :rfc:`2104`. It works with any hash function (`H`) and a key (`K`). As an example, let us consider HMAC with the SHA-1 hash function. SHA-1 uses 20 bytes blocks and the block size will play an important role in the operation of HMAC. We first require the key to be as long as the block size. Since this key is the output of the key generation algorithm, this is one parameter of this algorithm.
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../../protocols/tcp.rst:113 • ../../protocols/tcp.rst:118
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the `SYN` flag set
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../../protocols/tls.rst:140
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Let us first discuss the negotiation of the cryptographic algorithms and parameters. Like all security protocols, TLS includes some agility in its design since new cryptographic algorithms appear over the years and some older algorithms become deprecated once cryptanalysts find flaws. The TLS handshakes starts with the ``ClientHello`` message that is sent by the client. This message carries the following information :
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../../protocols/wifi.rst:42
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An 802.11 independent or adhoc network
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../../bibliography.rst:109
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Khanna, A. and Zinky, J. 1989. `The revised ARPANET routing metric <http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/75247.75252>`_. SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review 19, 4 (Aug. 1989), 45-56.
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../../glossary.rst:173
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An eBGP session is a BGP session between two directly connected routers that belong to two different Autonomous Systems. Also called an external BGP session.
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../../exercises/reliability.rst:77
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Consider two high-end servers connected back-to-back by using a 10 Gbps interface. If the delay between the two servers is one millisecond, what is the throughput that can be achieved by a reliable protocol that is using 10,000 bits frames and a window of
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../../principles/transport.rst:72
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`Bell`: `0000111b`
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../../exercises/dns.rst:115
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You may obtain additional information about the root DNS servers from http://www.root-servers.org
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../../exercises/ipv6.rst:332
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on router ``R1``
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../../exercises/routing-protocols.rst:434
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As in the previous examples, we create the routers and associate one IPv6 prefix to each AS:
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../../exercises/tcp-2.rst:293
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We can use a similar code to demonstrate that the TCP stack performs a fast retransmit after having received three duplicate acknowledgments. This script is available from :download:`/exercises/packetdrill_scripts/frr.pkt`.
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../../protocols/bgp.rst:118
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In practice, to establish a BGP session between routers `R1` and `R2` in the figure above, the network administrator of `AS3` must first configure on `R1` the IP address of `R2` on the `R1-R2` link and the AS number of `R2`. Router `R1` then regularly tries to establish the BGP session with `R2`. `R2` only agrees to establish the BGP session with `R1` once it has been configured with the IP address of `R1` and its AS number. For security reasons, a router never establishes a BGP session that has not been manually configured on the router.
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../../protocols/email.rst:180
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`Content-Type: multipart/mixed`. This header line indicates that the MIME message contains several independent parts. For example, such a message may contain a part in plain text and a binary file.
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../../protocols/ethernet.rst:174
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10 Mb/s over optical fiber
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../../protocols/http.rst:152
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the `HEAD` method is a variant of the `GET` method that allows the retrieval of the header lines for a given URI without retrieving the entire document. It can be used by a client to verify if a document exists, for instance.
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../../protocols/http2.rst:237
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Detecting whether a server supports HTTP/2.0
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../../protocols/ipv6.rst:124
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An IPv6 prefix can be represented as `address/length`, where `length` is the length of the prefix in bits. For example, the three notations below correspond to the same IPv6 prefix :
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../../protocols/ethernet.rst:113
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The second physical layer was 10Base2. This physical layer used a thin coaxial cable that was easier to install than the 10Base5 cable, but could not be longer than 185 meters. A 10BaseF physical layer was also defined to transport Ethernet over point-to-point optical links. The major change to the physical layer was the support of twisted pairs in the 10BaseT specification. Twisted pair cables are traditionally used to support the telephone service in office buildings. Most office buildings today are equipped with structured cabling. Several twisted pair cables are installed between any room and a central telecom closet per building or per floor in large buildings. These telecom closets act as concentration points for the telephone service but also for LANs.
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