cnp3-ebook/exercises/lan — English @ Weblate

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12 ../../exercises/lan.rst:83

	English Fig. 4. Can `H0` and `H1` communicate ? 39/10000 · 39
13 ../../exercises/lan.rst:85

	English Consider the network depicted in Fig. 5. Both of the hosts `H0` and `H1` have two interfaces: one connected to the switch `S0` and the other one to the switch `S1`. Will the link between `S0` and `S1` ever be used? If so, under which assumptions? Provide a comprehensive answer. 278/10000 · 278
14 ../../exercises/lan.rst:91

	English Fig. 5. Will the link between `S0` and `S1` ever be used? 57/10000 · 57
15 ../../exercises/lan.rst:93

	English Most commercial Ethernet switches are able to run the Spanning tree protocol independently on each VLAN. What are the benefits of using per-VLAN spanning trees ? 161/10000 · 161
16 ../../exercises/lan.rst:115

	English Testing the Spanning Tree with IPMininet 40/10000 · 40
17 ../../exercises/lan.rst:117

	English IPMininet_ can also be used to configure the Spanning Tree protocol on Linux hosts that act as Ethernet switches. Let us consider the simple Ethernet network shown in the figure below. 184/10000 · 184
18 ../../exercises/lan.rst:140

	English This network can be launched with the IPMininet_ script shown below. The entire script is available from :download:`/exercises/ipmininet_scripts/stp.py`. 153/10000 · 153
19 ../../exercises/lan.rst:193

	English The ``addSwitch`` method creates an Ethernet switch. It assigns a random MAC address to each switch and we can configure it with a priority that is used in the high order bits of the switch identifier. We add one IP address to each switch so that we can connect to them on mininet_. In practice, IPMininet_ configures the :manpage:`brtcl(8)` software that implements the Spanning Tree protocol on Linux. We can then create the links, configure their cost if required and launch tcpdump_ to capture the Ethernet frames that contain the messages of the Spanning Tree protocol. 574/10000 · 574
20 ../../exercises/lan.rst:195

	English The network contains five nodes and six links. 46/10000 · 46
21 ../../exercises/lan.rst:211

	English By using :manpage:`brtcl(8)`, we can easily observe the state of the Spanning Tree protocol on the different switches. Let us start with ``s3``, i.e. the root of the Spanning Tree. 180/10000 · 180
22 ../../exercises/lan.rst:246

	English The first part of the output of the :manpage:`brctl(8)` command shows the state of the Spanning Tree software on the switch. The identifier of this switch is ``0003.f63545ab5f79`` and the root switch is itself. There is no root port on this switch since it is the root. The path cost is the cost of the path to reach the root switch, i.e. 0 on the root. Then the switch reports the different timers. 399/10000 · 399
23 ../../exercises/lan.rst:248

	English The second part of the output provides the state of each switch port. Port ``s3-eth1`` is active and forwards data frames (state is set to `forwarding`). This port is a `designated` port. The cost of ``1`` is the cost associated to this interface. The same information is found for port ``s3-eth2``. 299/10000 · 299
24 ../../exercises/lan.rst:250

	English The state of switch ``s9`` is different. The output of :manpage:`brctl(8)` indicates that the root identifier is ``0003.f63545ab5f79`` which is at a distance of ``1`` from switch ``s9``. The root port on ``s9`` is port `1`, i.e. ``s9-eth1``. Two of the ports of this switch forward data packets, the root port and the ``s9-eth3`` which is a designated port. The ``s9-eth2`` port is a blocked port. 397/10000 · 397
25 ../../exercises/lan.rst:293

	English :manpage:`brctl(8)` also maintains a MAC address table that contains the Ethernet addresses that have been learned on each switch port. 135/10000 · 135
26 ../../exercises/lan.rst:310

	English Thanks to the traces collected by tcpdump_, we can easily analyze the messages exchanged by the switches. Here is the fist message sent by switch ``s3``. 153/10000 · 153
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