cnp3-ebook/protocols/email — English @ Weblate

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8 ../../protocols/email.rst:52

	English software, that allows servers to efficiently exchange email messages 68/10000 · 68
9 ../../protocols/email.rst:54

	English We will first discuss the format of email messages followed by the protocols that are used on today's Internet to exchange and retrieve emails. Other email systems have been developed in the past [Bush1993]_ [Genilloud1990]_ [GC2000]_, but today most email solutions have migrated to the Internet email. Information about the software that is used to compose and deliver emails may be found on wikipedia_ among others, for both `email clients`_ and `email servers <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_mail_servers>`_. More detailed information about the full Internet Mail Architecture may be found in :rfc:`5598`. 621/10000 · 621
10 ../../protocols/email.rst:58

	English Email messages, like postal mail, are composed of two parts : 61/10000 · 61
11 ../../protocols/email.rst:60

	English a `header` that plays the same role as the letterhead in regular mail. It contains metadata about the message. 110/10000 · 110
12 ../../protocols/email.rst:61

	English the `body` that contains the message itself. 44/10000 · 44
13 ../../protocols/email.rst:63

	English Email messages are entirely composed of lines of ASCII characters. Each line can contain up to 998 characters and is terminated by the `CR` and `LF` control characters :rfc:`5322`. The lines that compose the `header` appear before the message `body`. An empty line, containing only the `CR` and `LF` characters, marks the end of the `header`. This is illustrated in the figure below. 383/10000 · 383
14 ../../protocols/email.rst:98

	English The email header contains several lines that all begin with a keyword followed by a colon and additional information. The format of email messages and the different types of header lines are defined in :rfc:`5322`. Two of these header lines are mandatory and must appear in all email messages : 294/10000 · 294
15 ../../protocols/email.rst:100

	English The sender address. This header line starts with `From:`. This contains the (optional) name of the sender followed by its email address between `<` and `>`. Email addresses are always composed of a username followed by the `@` sign and a domain name. 250/10000 · 250
16 ../../protocols/email.rst:101

	English The date. This header line starts with `Date:`. :rfc:`5322` precisely defines the format used to encode a date. 111/10000 · 111
17 ../../protocols/email.rst:103

	English Other header lines appear in most email messages. The `Subject:` header line allows the sender to indicate the topic discussed in the email. Three types of header lines can be used to specify the recipients of a message : 221/10000 · 221
18 ../../protocols/email.rst:105

	English the `To:` header line contains the email addresses of the primary recipients of the message [#fto]_. Several addresses can be separated by using commas. 152/10000 · 152
19 ../../protocols/email.rst:106

	English the `cc:` header line is used by the sender to provide a list of email addresses that must receive a carbon copy of the message. Several addresses can be listed in this header line, separated by commas. All recipients of the email message receive the `To:` and `cc:` header lines. 280/10000 · 280
20 ../../protocols/email.rst:107

	English the `bcc:` header line is used by the sender to provide a list of comma separated email addresses that must receive a blind carbon copy of the message. The `bcc:` header line is not delivered to the recipients of the email message. 231/10000 · 231
21 ../../protocols/email.rst:109

	English A simple email message containing the `From:`, `To:`, `Subject:` and `Date:` header lines and two lines of body is shown below. 127/10000 · 127
22 ../../protocols/email.rst:122

	English Note the empty line after the `Date:` header line; this empty line contains only the `CR` and `LF` characters, and marks the boundary between the header and the body of the message. 181/10000 · 181
23 ../../protocols/email.rst:124

	English Several other optional header lines are defined in :rfc:`5322` and elsewhere [#femailheaders]_. Furthermore, many email clients and servers define their own header lines starting from `X-`. Several of the optional header lines defined in :rfc:`5322` are worth being discussed here : 282/10000 · 282
24 ../../protocols/email.rst:126

	English the `Message-Id:` header line is used to associate a "unique" identifier to each email. Email identifiers are usually structured like `string@domain` where `string` is a unique character string or sequence number chosen by the sender of the email and `domain` the domain name of the sender. Since domain names are unique, a host can generate globally unique message identifiers concatenating a locally unique identifier with its domain name. 441/10000 · 441
25 ../../protocols/email.rst:127

	English the `In-reply-to:` header line is used when a message was created in reply to a previous message. In this case, the end of the `In-reply-to:` line contains the identifier of the original message. 195/10000 · 195
26 ../../protocols/email.rst:128

	English the `Received:` header line is used when an email message is processed by several servers before reaching its destination. Each intermediate email server adds a `Received:` header line. These header lines are useful to debug problems in delivering email messages. 263/10000 · 263
27 ../../protocols/email.rst:130

	English The figure below shows the header lines of one email message. The message originated at a host named `wira.firstpr.com.au` and was received by `smtp3.sgsi.ucl.ac.be`. The `Received:` lines have been wrapped for readability. 223/10000 · 223

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