cnp3-ebook/protocols/lan — English @ Weblate

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51 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:175

	English 100Base-Tx 10/10000 · 10
52 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:175

	English Category 5 UTP or STP, 100 m maximum 36/10000 · 36
53 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:176

	English 100Base-FX 10/10000 · 10
54 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:176

	English Two multi-mode optical fiber, 2 km maximum 42/10000 · 42
55 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:177

	English 1000Base-CX 11/10000 · 11
56 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:177

	English Two pairs shielded twisted pair, 25m maximum 44/10000 · 44
57 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:178

	English 1000Base-SX 11/10000 · 11
58 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:178

	English Two multi-mode or single mode optical fibers with lasers 56/10000 · 56
59 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:179 • ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:358

	English 10 Gbps 7/10000 · 7
60 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:179

	English Optical fiber but also Category 6 UTP 37/10000 · 37
61 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:180

	English 40-100 Gbps 11/10000 · 11
62 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:180

	English Optical fiber (experiences are performed with copper) 53/10000 · 53
63 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:193

	English Additional information about the history of the Ethernet technology may be found at http://ethernethistory.typepad.com/ 119/10000 · 119
64 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:195

	English Initially, the OUIs were allocated by Xerox [DP1981]_. However, once Ethernet became an IEEE and later an ISO standard, the allocation of the OUIs moved to IEEE. The list of all OUI allocations may be found at http://standards.ieee.org/regauth/oui/index.shtml 259/10000 · 259
65 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:197

	English The official list of all assigned Ethernet type values is available from http://standards.ieee.org/regauth/ethertype/eth.txt 124/10000 · 124
66 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:199

	English The attentive reader may question the need for different `EtherTypes` for IPv4 and IPv6 while the IP header already contains a version field that can be used to distinguish between IPv4 and IPv6 packets. Theoretically, IPv4 and IPv6 could have used the same `EtherType`. Unfortunately, developers of the early IPv6 implementations found that some devices did not check the version field of the IPv4 packets that they received and parsed frames whose `EtherType` was set to `0x0800` as IPv4 packets. Sending IPv6 packets to such devices would have caused disruptions. To avoid this problem, the IETF decided to apply for a distinct `EtherType` value for IPv6. Such a choice is now mandated by :rfc:`6274` (section 3.1), although we can find a funny counter-example in :rfc:`6214`. 779/10000 · 779
67 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:201

	English These network interfaces compute the TCP checksum while a segment is transferred from the host memory to the network interface [SH2004]_. 137/10000 · 137
68 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:203

	English Fortunately, IEEE was able to define the [IEEE802.3]_ frame format while maintaining backward compatibility with the Ethernet [DIX]_ frame format. The trick was to only assign values above 1500 as `EtherType` values. When a host receives a frame, it can determine whether the frame's format by checking its `EtherType/Length` field. A value lower smaller than `1501` is clearly a length indicator and thus an [IEEE802.3]_ frame. A value larger than `1501` can only be type and thus a [DIX]_ frame. 497/10000 · 497
69 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:207

	English Ethernet Switches 17/10000 · 17
70 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:211

	English Increasing the physical layer bandwidth as in `Fast Ethernet` was only one of the solutions to improve the performance of Ethernet LANs. A second solution was to replace the hubs with more intelligent devices. As `Ethernet hubs` operate in the physical layer, they can only regenerate the electrical signal to extend the geographical reach of the network. From a performance perspective, it would be more interesting to have devices that operate in the datalink layer and can analyze the destination address of each frame and forward the frames selectively on the link that leads to the destination. Such devices are usually called `Ethernet switches` [#fbridges]_. An `Ethernet switch` is a relay that operates in the datalink layer as is illustrated in the figure below. 773/10000 · 773

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