cnp3-ebook/protocols/lan — English @ Weblate

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86 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:329

	English Switches running the `Spanning Tree Protocol` exchange `BPDUs`. These `BPDUs` are always sent as frames with destination MAC address as the `ALL_BRIDGES` reserved multicast MAC address. Each switch has a unique 64 bit `identifier`. To ensure uniqueness, the lower 48 bits of the identifier are set to the unique MAC address allocated to the switch by its manufacturer. The high order 16 bits of the switch identifier can be configured by the network administrator to influence the topology of the spanning tree. The default value for these high order bits is 32768. 565/10000 · 565
87 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:331

	English The switches exchange `BPDUs` to build the spanning tree. Intuitively, the spanning tree is built by first selecting the switch with the smallest `identifier` as the root of the tree. The branches of the spanning tree are then composed of the shortest paths that allow all of the switches that compose the network to be reached. The `BPDUs` exchanged by the switches contain the following information : 402/10000 · 402
88 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:334

	English the `identifier` of the root switch (`R`) 41/10000 · 41
89 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:335

	English the `cost` of the shortest path between the switch that sent the `BPDU` and the root switch (`c`) 97/10000 · 97
90 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:336

	English the `identifier` of the switch that sent the `BPDU` (`T`) 57/10000 · 57
91 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:337

	English the number of the switch port over which the `BPDU` was sent (`p`) 66/10000 · 66
92 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:339

	English We will use the notation `<R,c,T,p>` to represent a `BPDU` whose `root identifier` is `R`, `cost` is `c` and that was sent from the port `p` of switch `T`. The construction of the spanning tree depends on an ordering relationship among the `BPDUs`. This ordering relationship could be implemented by the Python function below. 327/10000 · 327
93 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:350

	English In addition to the `identifier` discussed above, the network administrator can also configure a `cost` to be associated to each switch port. Usually, the `cost` of a port depends on its bandwidth and the [IEEE802.1d]_ standard recommends the values below. Of course, the network administrator may choose other values. We will use the notation `cost[p]` to indicate the cost associated to port `p` in this section. 413/10000 · 413
94 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:353

	English Bandwidth 9/10000 · 9
95 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:353

	English Cost 4/10000 · 4
96 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:355

	English 10 Mbps 7/10000 · 7
97 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:355

	English 2000000 7/10000 · 7
98 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:356

	English 100 Mbps 8/10000 · 8
99 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:356

	English 200000 6/10000 · 6
100 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:357

	English 1 Gbps 6/10000 · 6
101 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:357

	English 20000 5/10000 · 5
102 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:358

	English 2000 4/10000 · 4
103 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:359

	English 100 Gbps 8/10000 · 8
104 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:359

	English 200 3/10000 · 3
105 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:362

	English The `Spanning Tree Protocol` uses its own terminology that we illustrate in the figure above. A switch port can be in three different states : `Root`, `Designated` and `Blocked`. All the ports of the `root` switch are in the `Designated` state. The state of the ports on the other switches is determined based on the `BPDU` received on each port. 346/10000 · 346

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