cnp3-ebook/protocols/tcp — English @ Weblate

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105 ../../protocols/tcp.rst:310

	English in TCP/IP networks, most of the bytes are exchanged in long packets, usually packets containing about 1440 bytes of payload which is the default MSS for hosts attached to an Ethernet network, the most popular type of LAN 220/10000 · 220
106 ../../protocols/tcp.rst:315

	English `Recent measurements <http://www.caida.org/research/traffic-analysis/pkt_size_distribution/graphs.xml>`_ indicate that these packet size distributions are still valid in today's Internet, although the packet distribution tends to become bi-modal with small packets corresponding to TCP pure acknowledgments and large 1440-bytes packets carrying most of the user data [SMASU2012]_. 380/10000 · 380
107 ../../protocols/tcp.rst:322

	English TCP windows 11/10000 · 11
108 ../../protocols/tcp.rst:329

	English From a performance point of view, one of the main limitations of the original TCP specification is the 16 bits `window` field in the TCP header. As this field indicates the current size of the receive window in bytes, it limits the TCP receive window at 65535 bytes. This limitation was not a severe problem when TCP was designed since at that time high-speed wide area networks offered a maximum bandwidth of 56 kbps. However, in today's network, this limitation is not acceptable anymore. The table below provides the rough [#faveragebandwidth]_ maximum throughput that can be achieved by a TCP connection with a 64 KBytes window in function of the connection's round-trip-time 679/10000 · 679
109 ../../protocols/tcp.rst:332 • ../../protocols/tcp.rst:345

	English RTT 3/10000 · 3
110 ../../protocols/tcp.rst:332 • ../../protocols/tcp.rst:345

	English Maximum Throughput 18/10000 · 18
111 ../../protocols/tcp.rst:334 • ../../protocols/tcp.rst:347

	English 1 msec 6/10000 · 6
112 ../../protocols/tcp.rst:334

	English 524 Mbps 8/10000 · 8
113 ../../protocols/tcp.rst:335 • ../../protocols/tcp.rst:348

	English 10 msec 7/10000 · 7
114 ../../protocols/tcp.rst:335

	English 52.4 Mbps 9/10000 · 9
115 ../../protocols/tcp.rst:336 • ../../protocols/tcp.rst:349

	English 100 msec 8/10000 · 8
116 ../../protocols/tcp.rst:336

	English 5.24 Mbps 9/10000 · 9
117 ../../protocols/tcp.rst:337 • ../../protocols/tcp.rst:350

	English 500 msec 8/10000 · 8
118 ../../protocols/tcp.rst:337

	English 1.05 Mbps 9/10000 · 9
119 ../../protocols/tcp.rst:340

	English To solve this problem, a backward compatible extension that allows TCP to use larger receive windows was proposed in :rfc:`1323`. Today, most TCP implementations support this option. The basic idea is that instead of storing `snd.wnd` and `rcv.wnd` as 16 bits integers in the :term:`TCB`, they should be stored as 32 bits integers. As the TCP segment header only contains 16 bits to place the window field, it is impossible to copy the value of `snd.wnd` in each sent TCP segment. Instead the header contains `snd.wnd >> S` where `S` is the scaling factor ( :math:`0 \le S \le 14`) negotiated during connection establishment. The client adds its proposed scaling factor as a TCP option in the `SYN` segment. If the server supports :rfc:`1323`, it places in the `SYN+ACK` segment the scaling factor that it uses when advertising its own receive window. The local and remote scaling factors are included in the :term:`TCB`. If the server does not support :rfc:`1323`, it ignores the received option and no scaling is applied. 1023/10000 · 1023
120 ../../protocols/tcp.rst:342

	English By using the window scaling extensions defined in :rfc:`1323`, TCP implementations can use a receive buffer of up to 1 GByte. With such a receive buffer, the maximum throughput that can be achieved by a single TCP connection becomes : 234/10000 · 234
121 ../../protocols/tcp.rst:347

	English 8590 Gbps 9/10000 · 9
122 ../../protocols/tcp.rst:348

	English 859 Gbps 8/10000 · 8
123 ../../protocols/tcp.rst:349

	English 86 Gbps 7/10000 · 7
124 ../../protocols/tcp.rst:350

	English 17 Gbps 7/10000 · 7

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