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../../protocols/transport-service.rst:25
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IPv4 addresses are usually represented by using a dotted decimal representation where each decimal number corresponds to one byte of the address, e.g. `203.0.113.56`. IPv6 addresses are usually represented as a set of hexadecimal numbers separated by semicolons, e.g. `2001:db8:3080:2:217:f2ff:fed6:65c0`. Today, most Internet hosts have one IPv4 address. A small fraction of them also have an IPv6 address. In the future, we can expect that more and more hosts will have IPv6 addresses and that some of them will not have an IPv4 address anymore. A host that only has an IPv4 address cannot communicate with a host having only an IPv6 address. The figure below illustrates two applications that are using the datagram service provided by UDP on hosts that are using IPv4 addresses.
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../../protocols/transport-service.rst:47
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Textual representation of IPv6 addresses
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../../protocols/transport-service.rst:49
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It is sometimes necessary to write IPv6 addresses in text format, e.g. when manually configuring addresses or for documentation purposes. The preferred format for writing IPv6 addresses is `x:x:x:x:x:x:x:x`, where the `x` 's are hexadecimal digits representing the eight 16-bit parts of the address. Here are a few examples of IPv6 addresses :
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../../protocols/transport-service.rst:51
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`abcd:ef01:2345:6789:abcd:ef01:2345:6789`
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../../protocols/transport-service.rst:52
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`2001:db8:0:0:8:800:200c:417a`
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../../protocols/transport-service.rst:53
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`fe80:0:0:0:219:e3ff:fed7:1204`
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../../protocols/transport-service.rst:56
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IPv6 addresses often contain a long sequence of bits set to `0`. In this case, a compact notation has been defined. With this notation, `::` is used to indicate one or more groups of 16 bits blocks containing only bits set to `0`. For example,
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../../protocols/transport-service.rst:58
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`2001:db8:0:0:8:800:200c:417a` is represented as `2001:db8::8:800:200c:417a`
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../../protocols/transport-service.rst:59
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`ff01:0:0:0:0:0:0:101` is represented as `ff01::101`
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../../protocols/transport-service.rst:60
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`0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1` is represented as `::1`
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../../protocols/transport-service.rst:61
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`0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0` is represented as `\:\:`
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../../protocols/transport-service.rst:65
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The second transport service is the connection-oriented service. On the Internet, this service is often called the `byte-stream service` as it creates a reliable byte stream between the two applications that are linked by a transport connection. Like the datagram service, the networked applications that use the byte-stream service are identified by the host on which they run and a port number. These hosts can be identified by an address or a name. The figure below illustrates two applications that are using the byte-stream service provided by the TCP protocol on IPv6 hosts. The byte stream service provided by TCP is reliable and bidirectional.
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