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16
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Q
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33
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h
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50
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y
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The example below, from :rfc:`4648`, illustrates the `Base64` encoding.
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Input data
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`0x14fb9c03d97e`
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8-bit
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00010100 11111011 10011100 00000011 11011001 01111110
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6-bit
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000101 001111 101110 011100 000000 111101 100101 111110
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Decimal
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5 15 46 28 0 61 37 62
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F P u c A 9 l \+
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The last point to be discussed about `base64` is what happens when the length of the sequence of bytes to be encoded is not a multiple of three. In this case, the last group of bytes may contain one or two bytes instead of three. `Base64` reserves the `=` character as a padding character. This character is used once when the last group contains two bytes and twice when it contains one byte as illustrated by the two examples below.
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0x14
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00010100
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000101 000000
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