Changes of string in 18954: Many other types of encodings have been defined to transmit information over an electrical cable. All physical layers are able to send and receive physical symbols that represent values `0` and `1`. However, for various reasons that are outside the scope of this chapter, several physical layers exchange other physical symbols as well. For example, the Manchester encoding used in several physical layers can send four different symbols. The Manchester encoding is a differential encoding scheme in which time is divided into fixed-length periods. Each period is divided in two halves and two different voltage levels can be applied. To send a symbol, the sender must set one of these two voltage levels during each half period. To send a `1` (resp. `0`), the sender must set a high (resp. low) voltage during the first half of the period and a low (resp. high) voltage during the second half. This encoding ensures that there will be a transition at the middle of each period and allows the receiver to synchronize its clock to the sender's clock. Apart from the encodings for `0` and `1`, the Manchester encoding also supports two additional symbols : `InvH` and `InvB` where the same voltage level is used for the two half periods. By definition, these two symbols cannot appear inside a frame which is only composed of `0` and `1`. Some technologies use these special symbols as markers for the beginning or end of frames. @ Weblate

pdan1

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English

Many other types of encodings have been defined to transmit information over an electrical cable. All physical layers are able to send and receive physical symbols that represent values `0` and `1`. However, for various reasons that are outside the scope of this chapter, several physical layers exchange other physical symbols as well. For example, the Manchester encoding used in several physical layers can send four different symbols. The Manchester encoding is a differential encoding scheme in which time is divided into fixed-length periods. Each period is divided in two halves and two different voltage levels can be applied. To send a symbol, the sender must set one of these two voltage levels during each half period. To send a `1` (resp. `0`), the sender must set a high (resp. low) voltage during the first half of the period and a low (resp. high) voltage during the second half. This encoding ensures that there will be a transition at the middle of each period and allows the receiver to synchronize its clock to the sender's clock. Apart from the encodings for `0` and `1`, the Manchester encoding also supports two additional symbols : `InvH` and `InvB` where the same voltage level is used for the two half periods. By definition, these two symbols cannot appear inside a frame which is only composed of `0` and `1`. Some technologies use these special symbols as markers for the beginning or end of frames.

French 1614 characters edited Current translation

De nombreux autres types de codages ont été définis pour transmettre des informations sur un câble électrique. Toutes les couches physiques sont capables d'envoyer et de recevoir des symboles physiques qui représentent les valeurs `0` et `1`. Cependant, pour diverses raisons qui sortent du cadre de ce chapitre, plusieurs couches physiques échangent également d'autres symboles physiques. Par exemple, le codage Manchester utilisé dans plusieurs couches physiques peut envoyer quatre symboles différents. Le codage Manchester est un schéma de codage différentiel dans lequel le temps est divisé en périodes de longueur fixe. Chaque période est divisée en deux moitiés et deux niveaux de tension différents peuvent être appliqués. Pour envoyer un symbole, l'expéditeur doit définir l'un de ces deux niveaux de tension pendant chaque demi-période. Pour envoyer un `1` (resp. `0`), l'expéditeur doit définir une tension élevée (resp. faible) pendant la première moitié de la période et une tension faible (resp. élevée) pendant la seconde moitié. Ce codage garantit qu'il y aura une transition au milieu de chaque période et permet au récepteur de synchroniser son horloge avec celle de l'émetteur. Outre les codages pour `0` et `1`, le codage Manchester supporte également deux symboles supplémentaires : `InvH` et `InvB` où le même niveau de tension est utilisé pour les deux demi-périodes. Par définition, ces deux symboles ne peuvent pas apparaître à l'intérieur d'une trame qui n'est composée que de `0` et `1`. Certaines technologies utilisent ces symboles spéciaux comme marqueurs de début ou de fin de trame.

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