cnp3-ebook - English @ Weblate

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108 ../../protocols/ipv6.rst:380

	English ``00`` : if a node does not recognize this header, it can be safely skipped and the processing continues with the subsequent header 132/10000 · 132
108 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:368

	English To determine the state of its other ports, the switch compares its own `BPDU` with the last `BPDU` received on each port. Note that the comparison is done by using the `BPDUs` and not the `root priority vectors`. If the switch's `BPDU` is better than the last `BPDU` of this port, the port becomes a `Designated` port. Otherwise, the port becomes a `Blocked` port. 364/10000 · 364
108 ../../protocols/tcp.rst:329

	English From a performance point of view, one of the main limitations of the original TCP specification is the 16 bits `window` field in the TCP header. As this field indicates the current size of the receive window in bytes, it limits the TCP receive window at 65535 bytes. This limitation was not a severe problem when TCP was designed since at that time high-speed wide area networks offered a maximum bandwidth of 56 kbps. However, in today's network, this limitation is not acceptable anymore. The table below provides the rough [#faveragebandwidth]_ maximum throughput that can be achieved by a TCP connection with a 64 KBytes window in function of the connection's round-trip-time 679/10000 · 679
108 ../../bibliography.rst:144

	English Modadugu, N. and Rescorla, E., 2004, February. `The Design and Implementation of Datagram TLS <https://www.ndss-symposium.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Modadugu.pdf>`_. In NDSS. 178/10000 · 178
108 ../../principles/transport.rst:644

	English The simplest approach to establish a transport connection would be to define two special control segments : `CR` (Connection Request) and `CA` (Connection Acknowledgment). The `CR` segment is sent by the transport entity that wishes to initiate a connection. If the remote entity wishes to accept the connection, it replies by sending a `CA` segment. The `CR` and `CA` segments contain `port numbers` that allow identifying the communicating applications. The transport connection is considered to be established once the `CA` segment has been received. At that point, data segments can be sent in both directions. 614/10000 · 614
109 ../../glossary.rst:261

	English A minicomputer is a multi-user system that was typically used in the 1960s/1970s to serve departments. See the corresponding Wikipedia article for additional information : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minicomputer 214/10000 · 214
109 ../../principles/sharing.rst:680

	English Collisions with CSMA/CA 23/10000 · 23
109 ../../principles/security.rst:1024

	English A detailed explanation of the ECC cryptosystems is outside the scope of this e-book. A simple introduction may be found on `Andrea Corbellini's blog <http://andrea.corbellini.name/2015/05/17/elliptic-curve-cryptography-a-gentle-introduction/>`_. There have been deployments of ECC recently because ECC schemes usually require shorter keys than RSA and consume less CPU. 369/10000 · 369
109 ../../protocols/bgp.rst:415

	English `AS1` prefers the path `AS3:AS0` over all other paths 53/10000 · 53
109 ../../protocols/email.rst:248

	English I 1/10000 · 1
109 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:395

	English During the computation of the spanning tree, switches discard all received data frames, as at that time the network topology is not guaranteed to be loop-free. Once that topology has been stable for some time, the switches again start to use the MAC learning algorithm to forward data frames. Only the `Root` and `Designated` ports are used to forward data frames. Switches discard all the data frames received on their `Blocked` ports and never forward frames on these ports. 476/10000 · 476
109 ../../protocols/ipv6.rst:381

	English ``01`` : if a node does not recognize this header, the packet must be discarded 79/10000 · 79
109 ../../protocols/ethernet.rst:370

	English The state of each port is important when considering the transmission of `BPDUs`. The root switch regularly sends its own `BPDU` over all of its (`Designated`) ports. This `BPDU` is received on the `Root` port of all the switches that are directly connected to the `root switch`. Each of these switches computes its own `BPDU` and sends this `BPDU` over all its `Designated` ports. These `BPDUs` are then received on the `Root` port of downstream switches, which then compute their own `BPDU`, etc. When the network topology is stable, switches send their own `BPDU` on all their `Designated` ports, once they receive a `BPDU` on their `Root` port. No `BPDU` is sent on a `Blocked` port. Switches listen for `BPDUs` on their `Blocked` and `Designated` ports, but no `BPDU` should be received over these ports when the topology is stable. The utilization of the ports for both `BPDUs` and data frames is summarized in the table below. 933/10000 · 933
109 ../../protocols/tcp.rst:332 • ../../protocols/tcp.rst:345

	English RTT 3/10000 · 3
109 ../../principles/network.rst:521

	English R3's label forwarding table 27/10000 · 27
109 ../../bibliography.rst:145

	English Moy, J., `OSPF: Anatomy of an Internet Routing Protocol <http://books.google.com/books?id=YXUWsqVhx60C>`_, Addison Wesley, 1998 127/10000 · 127
109 ../../principles/reliability.rst:432

	English A first glance, loosing frames might seem strange on a single link. However, if we take framing into account, transmission errors can affect the frame delineation mechanism and make the frame unreadable. For the same reason, a receiver could receive two (likely invalid) frames after a sender has transmitted a single frame. 324/10000 · 324
109 ../../principles/transport.rst:669

	English Unfortunately, this scheme is not sufficient given the unreliable network layer. Since the network layer is imperfect, the `CR` or `CA` segments can be lost, delayed, or suffer from transmission errors. To deal with these problems, the control segments must be protected by a CRC or a checksum to detect transmission errors. Furthermore, since the `CA` segment acknowledges the reception of the `CR` segment, the `CR` segment can be protected using a retransmission timer. 472/10000 · 472
110 ../../glossary.rst:265

	English modem 5/10000 · 5
110 ../../principles/network.rst:525 • ../../principles/network.rst:527

	English ->R4 4/10000 · 4

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