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../../protocols/tcp.rst:636
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Sending a packet with a different source IP address than the address allocated to the host is called sending a :term:`spoofed packet`.
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../../protocols/tcp.rst:638
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The full list of all TCP options may be found at http://www.iana.org/assignments/tcp-parameters/
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../../protocols/tcp.rst:640
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In practice, only the `SYN` segment do not have their `ACK` flag set.
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../../protocols/tcp.rst:642
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A complete TCP implementation contains additional information in its TCB, notably to support the `urgent` pointer. However, this part of TCP is not discussed in this book. Refer to :rfc:`793` and :rfc:`2140` for more details about the TCB.
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../../protocols/tcp.rst:646
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This TCP segment is then placed in an IP header. We describe IPv6 in the next chapter. The minimum size of the IPv6 (resp. IPv4) header is 40 bytes (resp. 20 bytes).
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../../protocols/tcp.rst:649
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A precise estimation of the maximum bandwidth that can be achieved by a TCP connection should take into account the overhead of the TCP and IP headers as well.
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../../protocols/tcp.rst:651
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See http://fasterdata.es.net/tuning.html for more information on how to tune a TCP implementation
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../../protocols/tcp.rst:653
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In theory, a TCP implementation could store the timestamp of each data segment transmitted and compute a new estimate for the round-trip-time upon reception of the corresponding acknowledgment. However, using such frequent measurements introduces a lot of noise in practice and many implementations still measure the round-trip-time once per round-trip-time by recording the transmission time of one segment at a time :rfc:`2988`
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../../protocols/tcp.rst:655
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Some security experts have raised concerns that using the real-time clock to set the `TSval` in the timestamp option can leak information such as the system's up-time. Solutions proposed to solve this problem may be found in [CNPI09]_
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../../protocols/tcp.rst:657
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As a TCP client often establishes several parallel or successive connections with the same server, :rfc:`2140` has proposed to reuse for a new connection some information that was collected in the TCB of a previous connection, such as the measured rtt. However, this solution has not been widely implemented.
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