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The Domain Name System was created at a time when the Internet was mainly used in North America. The initial design assumed that all domain names would be composed of letters and digits :rfc:`1035`. As Internet usage grew in other parts of the world, it became important to support non-ASCII characters. For this, extensions have been proposed to the Domain Name System :rfc:`3490`. In a nutshell, the solution that is used to support Internationalized Domain Names works as follows. First, it is possible to use most of the Unicode characters to encode domain names and hostnames, with a few exceptions (for example, the dot character cannot be part of a name since it is used as a separator). Once a domain name has been encoded as a series of Unicode characters, it is then converted into a string that contains the ``xn--`` prefix and a sequence of ASCII characters. More details on these algorithms can be found in :rfc:`3490` and :rfc:`3492`.
Le système de noms de domaine a été créé à une époque où Internet était principalement utilisé en Amérique du Nord. La conception initiale supposait que tous les noms de domaine seraient composés de lettres et de chiffres :rfc:`1035`. Lorsque l'utilisation d'Internet s'est développée dans d'autres parties du monde, il est devenu important de prendre en charge les caractères non ASCII. Pour cela, des extensions ont été proposées au système de noms de domaine :rfc:`3490`. En résumé, la solution utilisée pour prendre en charge les noms de domaine internationalisés fonctionne comme suit. Tout d'abord, il est possible d'utiliser la plupart des caractères Unicode pour coder les noms de domaine et les noms d'hôte, à quelques exceptions près (par exemple, le caractère point ne peut pas faire partie d'un nom puisqu'il est utilisé comme séparateur). Une fois qu'un nom de domaine a été encodé comme une série de caractères Unicode, il est ensuite converti en une chaîne de caractères qui contient le préfixe ``xn--`` et une séquence de caractères ASCII. Vous trouverez plus de détails sur ces algorithmes dans :rfc:`3490` et :rfc:`3492`.
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