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OSPF
OSPF
4 years ago
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The RIP message format
Le format de message de RIP
4 years ago
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RIP
RIP
4 years ago
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Organisation of a small Internet
Organisation d'un petit Internet
4 years ago
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In a large IP network such as the global Internet, routers need to exchange routing information. The Internet is an interconnection of networks, often called domains, that are under different responsibilities. As of this writing, the Internet is composed on more than 40,000 different domains and this number is still growing [#fas]_. A domain can be a small enterprise that manages a few routers in a single building, a larger enterprise with a hundred routers at multiple locations, or a large Internet Service Provider managing thousands of routers. Two classes of routing protocols are used to allow these domains to efficiently exchange routing information.
Dans un réseau IP large tel que l'Internet global, les routeurs ont besoin d'échanger des informations. L'internet est une interconnexion de réseaux, souvent appelés domaines, qui sont sous différentes responsabilités. Au moment d’écrire ces lignes, l'Internet est composé de plus de 40,000 domaines différents et ce nombre continue d'augmenter [#fas]_. Un domaine peut être une entreprise gérant quelques routeurs dans un seul bâtiment, une grande entreprise avec une centaine de routeurs à plusieurs endroits, ou un fournisseur de services Internet gérant des milliers de routeurs. Deux classes de protocoles de routage sont utilisés pour permettre à ces domaines d'échanger des informations de routage de manière efficace.
4 years ago
User avatar antoinetho

Suggestion added
In a large IP network such as the global Internet, routers need to exchange routing information. The Internet is an interconnection of networks, often called domains, that are under different responsibilities. As of this writing, the Internet is composed on more than 40,000 different domains and this number is still growing [#fas]_. A domain can be a small enterprise that manages a few routers in a single building, a larger enterprise with a hundred routers at multiple locations, or a large Internet Service Provider managing thousands of routers. Two classes of routing protocols are used to allow these domains to efficiently exchange routing information.
Dans un réseau IP large tel que l'Internet global, les routeurs ont besoin d'échanger des informations. L'internet est une interconnexion de réseaux, souvent appelés domaines, qui sont sous différentes responsabilités. Au moment d’écrire ces lignes, l'Internet est composé de plus de 40,000 domaines différents et ce nombre continue d'augmenter [#fas]_. Un domaine peut être une entreprise gérant quelques routeurs dans un seul bâtiment, une grande entreprise avec une centaine de routeurs à plusieurs endroits, ou un fournisseur de services Internet gérant des milliers de routeurs. Deux classes de protocoles de routage sont utilisés pour permettre à ces domaines d'échanger des informations de routage de manière efficace.
4 years ago
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Routing in IP networks
Routage dans les réseaux IP
5 years ago
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The “locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/protocols/routing.po” file was changed. 5 years ago
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In some networks, there are several dozens of paths towards a given destination. Some routers, due to hardware limitations, cannot install more than 8 or 16 paths in their forwarding table. In this case, a subset of the computed paths is installed in the forwarding table.
5 years ago
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The OSPF Designated Router election procedure is defined in :rfc:`2328`. Each router can be configured with a router priority that influences the election process since the router with the highest priority is preferred when an election is run.
5 years ago
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OSPF can support `virtual links` to connect routers together that belong to the same area but are not directly connected. However, this goes beyond this introduction to OSPF.
5 years ago
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See http://bgp.potaroo.net/index-as.html for reports on the evolution of the number of Autonomous Systems over time.
5 years ago
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Footnotes
5 years ago
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In this formula, `N` is the number of outgoing interfaces on the equal cost paths towards the packet's destination. Various hash functions are possible, including CRC, checksum or MD5 :rfc:`2991`. Since the hash function is computed over the four-tuple, the same hash value will be computed for all packets belonging to the same flow. This prevents reordering due to load balancing inside the network. Most routers support this kind of load-balancing today [ACO+2006]_.
5 years ago
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:math:`hash(NextHeader,IP_{src},IP_{dst},Port_{src},Port_{dst}) \pmod{N}`
5 years ago
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Fortunately, it is possible to perform `per-flow` load balancing without maintaining any state on the router. Most routers today use hash functions for this purpose :rfc:`2991`. When a packet arrives, the router extracts the Next Header information and the four-tuple from the packet and computes :
5 years ago
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To efficiently spread the load over different paths, routers need to implement `per-flow` load-balancing. This implies that they must forward all the packets that belong to the same flow on the same path. Since a TCP connection is always identified by the four-tuple (source and destination addresses, source and destination ports), one possibility would be to select an outgoing interface upon arrival of the first packet of the flow and store this decision in the router's memory. Unfortunately, such a solution does not scale since the required memory grows with the number of TCP connections that pass through the router.
5 years ago

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